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    AAI invites attendees to submit abstracts of unpublished, original research for presentation at IMMUNOLOGY2024™.

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    • Abstract submissions open for IMMUNOLOGY2024™. Plan now to present your research and be a part of the world's leading annual all-immunology meeting! https://t.co/GCkHg2tkgA #AAI2024 #immunology #ChicaGOandKNOW https://t.co/2ZLF3Q0jX7

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    Neurosteroids, which are steroids synthesized by the nervous system, can exert neuromodulatory and neuroprotective effects via genomic and nongenomic pathways. The neurosteroid and major steroid precursor pregnenolone has therapeutical potential in various diseases, such as psychiatric and pain disorders, and may play important roles in myelination, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. Although pregnenolone is synthesized by CYP11A1 in peripheral steroidogenic organs, our recent study showed that pregnenolone must be synthesized by another mitochondrial cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme other than CYP11A1 in human glial cells.

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    • Lin et al.'s data suggest that mitochondrial CYP1B1 is involved in pregnenolone synthesis in human glial cells. https://t.co/zK4OXom6J4

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    Following stimulation, the T cell receptor (TCR) and its coreceptors integrate multiple intracellular signals to initiate T cell proliferation, migration, gene expression, and metabolism. Among these signaling molecules are the small GTPases RAS and RAP1, which induce MAPK pathways and cellular adhesion to activate downstream effector functions. Although many studies have helped to elucidate the signaling intermediates that mediate T cell activation, the molecules and pathways that keep naive T cells in check are less understood. Several recent studies provide evidence that RASA2 and RASA3, which are GAP1-family GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) that inactivate RAS and RAP1, respectively, are crucial molecules that limit T cell activation and adhesion. In this review we describe recent data on the roles of RASA2 and RASA3 as gatekeepers of T cell activation and migration.

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    • Mind the GAP: RASA2 and RASA3 GTPase-activating proteins as gatekeepers of T cell activation and adhesion https://t.co/1LRn2Lxync #immunology