The STEP-HFpEF programme: advancing care at the intersections
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure are expanding global syndemics1–3 with inter-related pathophysiology. Accordingly, obesity and type 2 diabetes are highly prevalent among individuals with heart failure—especially heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)—and contribute to worse health-related quality of life and adverse clinical outcomes.4,5 These realities underscore the urgent need for dedicated management strategies at this high-risk intersection.
