For the first time in 60 years, the tuberculosis drug development pipeline promises novel drugs and treatment strategies for safe, well tolerated, highly efficacious, and short treatment for tuberculosis, the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease worldwide.1 Decades-old tuberculosis treatment regimens, characterised by the need for injections, deplorable toxicity, poor tolerability, and low efficacy, reflected the decades of neglect in research, innovation, and investment in the tuberculosis therapeutic landscape until recently.

We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials of treatment for rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis to evaluate the representativeness of participants compared with characteristics of the global population of people with tuberculosis, and the adequacy of adverse event reporting. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 10, 2023, for trials that had greater than or equal to 50 participants per arm and had follow-up to at least treatment completion.

The COVID-19 pandemic reminded us of what vaccines can do to prevent life-threatening diseases.1 Respiratory infections such as influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and pneumococcal disease contribute significantly to global morbidity and mortality, especially among older individuals and high-risk groups.2 These respiratory infections are at least in part preventable by vaccination—if the vaccines are ever administered. Suboptimal vaccine coverage in adult groups with high risk of severe disease is a concern, and vaccine coadministration is a practical solution to increase vaccine uptake.

Coadministered mRNA-1345 plus SIIV4 or mRNA-1273.214 vaccines had acceptable safety profiles and elicited mostly non-inferior immune responses compared to individual vaccines in adults aged 50 years or older; only the seroresponse rate difference in nAbs against RSV-A in part A did not meet the non-inferiority criterion. Overall, these data support coadministration of mRNA-1345 with these vaccines in this population; longer-term evaluation continues in this study.

Adding ivermectin to dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine MDA had no additional effect on reducing malaria prevalence or vector parity in this setting. The intervention was well tolerated. To our knowledge, this trial is the first to be designed to assess whether ivermectin has an additive effect on malaria when coadministered with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine MDA.

Mass deployment of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets, indoor residual spraying, and artemisinin-based drugs have led to remarkable declines of malaria since the early 2000s. However, progress is stalling, probably because of emerging resistances.1 These include resistance to drugs, resistance to insecticides, and vector behaviours limiting contact with insecticides and enhancing transmission (ie, behavioural resistance). Acknowledging that these problems can hinder further progress highlights the need for innovations to address residual malaria transmission.

Awareness of YEZV infection is important and clinicians should consider the virus when diagnosing patients with suitable symptoms.