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Mashup Score: 2The Time-Course of Food Representation in the Human Brain - 1 hour(s) ago
Humans make decisions about food every day. The visual system provides important information that forms a basis for these food decisions. Although previous research has focused on visual object and category representations in the brain, it is still unclear how visually presented food is encoded by the brain. Here, we investigate the time-course of food representations in the brain. We used time-resolved multivariate analyses of electroencephalography (EEG) data, obtained from human participants (both sexes), to determine which food features are represented in the brain, and whether focused attention is needed for this. We recorded EEG while participants engaged in one of two tasks. In one task the stimuli were task relevant, whereas in the other task the stimuli were not task relevant. Our findings indicate that the brain can differentiate between food and non-food items from approximately 112 milliseconds after stimulus onset. The neural signal at later latencies contained information
Source: www.jneurosci.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 0Transient Seizure Clusters and Epileptiform Activity Following Widespread Bilateral Hippocampal Interneuron Ablation - 6 hour(s) ago
Interneuron loss is a prominent feature of temporal lobe epilepsy in both animals and humans and is hypothesized to be critical for epileptogenesis. As loss occurs concurrently with numerous other potentially proepileptogenic changes, however, the impact of interneuron loss in isolation remains unclear. For the present study, we developed an intersectional genetic approach to induce bilateral diphtheria toxin-mediated deletion of Vgat-expressing interneurons from dorsal and ventral hippocampus. In a separate group of mice, the same population was targeted for transient neuronal silencing with DREADDs. Interneuron ablation produced dramatic seizure clusters and persistent epileptiform activity. Surprisingly, after 1 week seizure activity declined precipitously and persistent epileptiform activity disappeared. Occasional seizures (≈1/day) persisted to the end of the experiment at 4 weeks. In contrast to the dramatic impact of interneuron ablation, transient silencing produced large numbe
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 27Hostile Attribution Bias Shapes Neural Synchrony in the Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Ambiguous Social Narratives - 22 hour(s) ago
Join this interactive session as Yizhou Lyu, Zishan Su, and Yuan Chang Leong discuss their paper, “Hostile Attribution Bias Shapes Neural Synchrony in the Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Ambiguous Social Narratives”, with JNeurosci Reviewing Editor Daniela Schiller. Attendees can submit questions at registration and live during the webinar.
Source: neuronline.sfn.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 27Hostile Attribution Bias Shapes Neural Synchrony in the Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Ambiguous Social Narratives - 1 day(s) ago
Join this interactive session as Yizhou Lyu, Zishan Su, and Yuan Chang Leong discuss their paper, “Hostile Attribution Bias Shapes Neural Synchrony in the Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Ambiguous Social Narratives”, with JNeurosci Reviewing Editor Daniela Schiller. Attendees can submit questions at registration and live during the webinar.
Source: neuronline.sfn.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 2Pharmacological Inhibition of the Nucleus Accumbens Increases Dyadic Social Interaction in Macaques - 1 day(s) ago
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a central component of the brain circuitry that mediates motivated behavior, including reward processing. Since the rewarding properties of social stimuli have a vital role in guiding behavior (both in humans and nonhuman animals), the NAc is likely to contribute to the brain circuitry controlling social behavior. In rodents, prior studies have found that focal pharmacological inhibition of NAc and/or elevation of dopamine in NAc increases social interactions. However, the role of the NAc in social behavior in nonhuman primates remains unknown. We measured the social behavior of eight dyads of male macaques following (1) pharmacological inhibition of the NAc using the GABAA agonist muscimol and (2) focal application of quinpirole, an agonist at the D2 family of dopamine receptors. Transient inhibition of the NAc with muscimol increased social behavior when drug was infused in submissive, but not dominant partners of the dyad. Focal application of quinpiro
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 6Beyond the Paper: A Conversation with Dr. Hugo Calligaro - 2 day(s) ago
Interviewed by Dr. Paige N. McKeon, October 4, 2023 In their recent eNeuro publication, Calligaro and colleagues investigated the connectivity of the central pacemaker of the brain: the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). This hub for entraining circadian rhythm is known to be cellularly heterogeneous, but there is little research characterizing SCN neuron connectivity. The authors used a Cre-dependent reporter targeting the mitochondria of melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs),
Source: blog.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 2Locus Ceruleus Dynamics Are Suppressed during Licking and Enhanced Postlicking Independent of Taste Novelty - 2 day(s) ago
Attending to salient sensory attributes of food, such as tastes that are new, displeasing, or unexpected, allows the procurement of nutrients without food poisoning. Exposure to new tastes is known to increase norepinephrine (NE) release in taste processing forebrain areas, yet the central source for this release is unknown. Locus ceruleus norepinephrine neurons (LC-NE) emerge as a candidate in signaling salient information about taste, as other salient sensory stimuli (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensation) are known to activate LC neurons. To determine if LC neurons are sensitive to features of taste novelty, we used fiber photometry to record LC-NE activity in water-restricted mice that voluntarily licked either novel or familiar substances of differential palatability (saccharine, citric acid). We observed that LC-NE activity was suppressed during lick bursts and transiently activated upon the termination of licking and that these dynamics were independent of the familiarity of t
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 6
In many real-life scenarios, our decisions could lead to multiple outcomes that conflict with value. Hence, an appropriate neural representation of the net experienced value of conflicting outcomes, which play a crucial role in guiding future decisions, is critical for adaptive behavior. As some recent functional neuroimaging work has primarily focused on the concurrent processing of monetary gains and aversive information, very little is known regarding the integration of conflicting value signals involving monetary losses and appetitive information in the human brain. To address this critical gap, we conducted a functional MRI study involving healthy human male participants to examine the nature of integrating positive emotion and monetary losses. We employed a novel experimental design where the valence (positive or neutral) of an emotional stimulus indicated the type of outcome (loss or no loss) in a choice task. Specifically, we probed two plausible integration patterns while proc
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 1Snapshots in Neuroscience: In vivo and ex vivo cross-section images of tree shrew retinas - 3 day(s) ago
These images have been selected to showcase the art that neuroscience research can create. As described by Dr. Liu and colleagues: Below are cross-section images of tree shrew retinas near the optic nerve head (ONH) region. The in vivo visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) B-scan image below shows vertically elongated and densely packed axon bundles in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), a distinct dark band of the ganglion cell layer (GCL), a clear sub-layered inner plexiform layer
Source: blog.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 5Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors within Cells: Temporal Resolution in Cytoplasm, Endoplasmic Reticulum, and Membrane - 3 day(s) ago
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most prescribed treatment for individuals experiencing major depressive disorder. The therapeutic mechanisms that take place before, during, or after SSRIs bind the serotonin transporter (SERT) are poorly understood, partially because no studies exist on the cellular and subcellular pharmacokinetic properties of SSRIs in living cells. We studied escitalopram and fluoxetine using new intensity-based, drug-sensing fluorescent reporters targeted to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of cultured neurons and mammalian cell lines. We also used chemical detection of drug within cells and phospholipid membranes. The drugs attain equilibrium in neuronal cytoplasm and ER at approximately the same concentration as the externally applied solution, with time constants of a few s (escitalopram) or 200–300 s (fluoxetine). Simultaneously, the drugs accumulate within lipid membranes by ≥18-fold (escitalopram) or 180-fold
Source: www.jneurosci.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
New in #JNeurosci: Denise Moerel, James Psihoyos, & @CompCogNeuro advance our understanding of how the brain distinguishes food & non-food items & how it processes information about food for food-based decisions. https://t.co/SjJ6GsozBA https://t.co/uKOAkqApfd