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Mashup Score: 12Sitagliptin eye drops prevent the impairment of retinal neurovascular unit in the new Trpv2+/− rat model - Journal of Neuroinflammation - 11 hour(s) ago
Impaired function of the retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) is an early event in diabetic retinopathy (DR). It has been previously shown that topical delivery of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin can protect against diabetes-mediated dysfunction of the retinal NVU in the db/db mouse. The aim of the present study was to examine whether sitagliptin could prevent the DR-like lesions within the NVU of the new non-diabetic model of DR, the Trpv2 knockout rat (Trpv2+/−). For that purpose, at 3 months of age, Trpv2+/− rats were topically treated twice daily for two weeks with sitagliptin or PBS-vehicle eyedrops. Trpv2+/+ rats treated with vehicle served as the control group. Body weight and glycemia were monitored. Optical coherence tomography recordings, fundus images and retinal samples were obtained to evaluate sitagliptin effects. The results revealed that sitagliptin eye drops had no effect on body weight or glycemia. Vehicle-treated Trpv2+/− rats exhibited retinal t
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Mashup Score: 1Caloric restriction and its mimetics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms and therapeutic potential - Cardiovascular Diabetology - 12 hour(s) ago
The global increase in human life expectancy, coupled with an unprecedented rise in the prevalence of obesity, has led to a growing clinical and socioeconomic burden of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Mechanistically, the molecular and cellular hallmarks of aging are omnipresent in HFpEF and are further exacerbated by obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Conversely, weight loss strategies, particularly caloric restriction, have shown promise in improving health status in patients with HFpEF and are considered the gold standard for promoting longevity and healthspan (disease-free lifetime) in model organisms. In this review, we implicate fundamental mechanisms of aging in driving HFpEF and elucidate how caloric restriction mitigates the disease progression. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for pharmacologically mimicking the beneficial effects of caloric restriction in HFpEF using clinically approved and emerging caloric restriction mimetics. We surmis
Source: cardiab.biomedcentral.comCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet-
A Review published in Cardiovascular Diabetology implicates fundamental mechanisms of aging in driving heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and elucidates how caloric restriction mitigates the disease progression. https://t.co/3r8ezxi1Rr
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Mashup Score: 5The association between physician sex and patient outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis - BMC Health Services Research - 13 hour(s) ago
Background Some prior studies have found that patients treated by female physicians may experience better outcomes, as well as lower healthcare costs than those treated by male physicians. Physician–patient sex concordance may also contribute to better patient outcomes. However, other studies have not identified a significant difference. There is a paucity of pooled evidence examining the association of physician sex with clinical outcomes. Methods This random-effects meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered on PROSPERO. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception to October 4th, 2023, and supplemented by a hand-search of relevant studies. Observational studies enrolling adults (≥ 18 years of age) and assessing the effect of physician sex across surgical and medical specialties were included. The risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I. A priori subgroup analysis was conducted based on patient type (surgical versus medical). All-c
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Patients treated by female physicians experience significantly lower odds of mortality, along with fewer hospital readmissions, versus those with male physicians, finds a systematic review and meta-analysis published in #BMCHealthServRes https://t.co/4HfII3oOm5
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Mashup Score: 2Integrating malaria vaccine and CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive: a comprehensive strategy for accelerated malaria eradication - Malaria Journal - 21 hour(s) ago
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, despite ongoing efforts to eradicate the disease. Recent advancements, including the rollout of malaria vaccines, such as RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M™, offer new avenues for prevention. However, the rise of resistance to anti-malarial medications necessitates innovative strategies. This review explores the potential integration of CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive technology with malaria vaccination efforts to enhance vector control and reduce transmission. By employing gene drive mechanisms for population suppression and replacement of malaria-transmitting Anopheles mosquitoes, combined with the immunogenic properties of vaccines, a synergistic approach can be established. This paper discussed the need for integrated strategies to address the biological complexities of malaria and socio-economic factors influencing its prevalence. Challenges such as regulatory hurdles, community acceptance, e
Source: malariajournal.biomedcentral.comCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet-
A Perspective published in the Malaria Journal explores the potential integration of CRISPR/Cas9 gene drive technology with malaria vaccination efforts to enhance vector control and reduce transmission. https://t.co/sDAept682l
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Mashup Score: 19Increased e-cigarette use prevalence is associated with decreased smoking prevalence among US adults - Harm Reduction Journal - 1 day(s) ago
Background If US adults who smoke cigarettes are switching to e-cigarettes, the effect may be observable at the population level: smoking prevalence should decline as e-cigarette prevalence increases, especially in sub-populations with highest e-cigarette use. This study aimed to assess such effects in recent nationally-representative data. Methods We updated a prior analysis with the latest available National Health Interview Survey data through 2022. Data were cross-sectional estimates of the yearly prevalence of smoking and e-cigarette use, respectively, among US adults and among specific age, race/ethnicity, and sex subpopulations. Non-linear models were fitted to observed smoking prevalence in the pre-e-cigarette era, with a range of ‘cut-off’ years explored (i.e., between when e-cigarettes were first introduced to when they became widely available). These trends were projected forward to predict what smoking prevalence would have been if pre-e-cigarette era trends had continued u
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An analysis published in the Harm Reduction Journal finds that the population-level data on tobacco product use by US adults continues to support the association between increasing e-cigarette use and decreasing cigarette smoking. https://t.co/7JnV8E79kQ
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Mashup Score: 5Physical activity, Vitamin D, and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality: a prospective study in older Chinese adults - BMC Geriatrics - 1 day(s) ago
Background Physical activity was associated with the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. However, little is known about older adults, especially those aged over 80 years. Methods 2863 older adults in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were enrolled. Physical activity score was used to evaluate the physical activity. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and demographic characteristics were collected at baseline. We used multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models and stratified analysis to determine the association between physical activity, vitamin D and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality. Mediation analysis was performed to evaluate the mediating effect of vitamin D between physical activity and all-cause/cardiovascular mortality. Results The median age of this population was 87 years, and 70.27% were the oldest-old (age ≥ 80 years). We observed a tendency for a higher vitamin D concentration in participants with higher physical activity score levels. Both phy
Source: bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.comCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet-
Physical activity could reduce the risk of all-cause/cardiovascular mortality and is mediated by vitamin D in older Chinese adults, reports a study published in #BMCGeriatr https://t.co/7QGioqhz4P
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Mashup Score: 2
Background Epidemiological studies show inconsistent links between hearing/vision impairment and dementia risk. Using multisource data, we investigated how single or combined sensory impairments relate to risks of all-cause and specific types of dementia. Methods We employed a triangulation approach combining three methodologies. We analyzed 90,893 UK Biobank (UKB) adults to explore single and joint effects of hearing and vision impairments on all-cause and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD) and non-AD non-VD (NAVD). A meta-analysis of prospective studies involving 937,908 participants provided stronger evidence. Finally, we conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association studies from UKB (361,194 participants) and FinnGen (412,181 participants) to validate relationships between sensory impairments and dementia occurrence. Results In the UKB cohort study, compared to participants with normal hearing, those in the mild and severe hearing impai
Source: bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.comCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet-
A study published in @BMCMedicine shows significant associations between hearing and vision impairments and increased risks of all-cause and cause-specific dementia. https://t.co/Gye6tObBvm
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Mashup Score: 2
Background Senescence classification is an acknowledged challenge within the field, as markers are cell-type and context dependent. Currently, multiple morphological and immunofluorescence markers are required. However, emerging scRNA-seq datasets have enabled an increased understanding of senescent cell heterogeneity. Methods Here we present SenPred, a machine-learning pipeline which identifies fibroblast senescence based on single-cell transcriptomics from fibroblasts grown in 2D and 3D. Results Using scRNA-seq of both 2D and 3D deeply senescent fibroblasts, the model predicts intra-experimental fibroblast senescence to a high degree of accuracy (> 99% true positives). Applying SenPred to in vivo whole skin scRNA-seq datasets reveals that cells grown in 2D cannot accurately detect fibroblast senescence in vivo. Importantly, utilising scRNA-seq from 3D deeply senescent fibroblasts refines our ML model leading to improved detection of senescent cells in vivo. This is context specific,
Source: genomemedicine.biomedcentral.comCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet-
An article published in @GenomeMedicine presents SenPred: a machine-learning pipeline which identifies fibroblast senescence based on single-cell transcriptomics from fibroblasts grown in 2D and 3D. https://t.co/an5lZ0XU7J
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Mashup Score: 10Machine learning and multi-omics in precision medicine for ME/CFS - Journal of Translational Medicine - 3 day(s) ago
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex and multifaceted disorder that defies simplistic characterisation. Traditional approaches to diagnosing and treating ME/CFS have often fallen short due to the condition’s heterogeneity and the lack of validated biomarkers. The growing field of precision medicine offers a promising approach which focuses on the genetic and molecular underpinnings of individual patients. In this review, we explore how machine learning and multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) can transform precision medicine in ME/CFS research and healthcare. We provide an overview on machine learning concepts for analysing large-scale biological data, highlight key advancements in multi-omics biomarker discovery, data quality and integration strategies, while reflecting on ME/CFS case study examples. We also highlight several priorities, including the critical need for applying robust computational tools and collabor
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A Review published in the Journal of Translational Medicine explores how machine learning and multi-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) can transform precision medicine in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome research and healthcare. https://t.co/MsL9AGqv2Z
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Mashup Score: 1Association of whole grain food consumption with lung cancer risk: a prospective cohort study - Cancer Cell International - 3 day(s) ago
Background Whether the intake of whole grain foods can protect against lung cancer is a long-standing question of considerable public health import, but the epidemiologic evidence has been limited. Therefore we aim to investigate the relationship between whole grain food consumption and lung cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) cohort. Methods Diet was assessed with a self-administered Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ) at baseline. All incident lung cancer cases were pathologically verified. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for lung cancer risk associated with whole grain food consumption were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression. Results During a median follow-up of 12.2 years, a total of 1,706 incident lung cancer events occurred, including 1,473 (86.3%) cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 233 (13.7%) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). After multivariate adjustment, comparing the highest quarter of consump
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Whole grain food consumption is associated with reduced lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, finds a study published in Cancer Cell International. https://t.co/UHDtmVMKjF
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A study published in the Journal of Neuroinflammation suggests that sitagliptin eye drops can potentially treat not only early-stages of diabetic retinopathy but also other diseases with impairment of the retinal neurovascular unit unrelated to diabetes. https://t.co/yj0DPjrEN6