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Mashup Score: 4Vasoactive intestinal peptide excites GnRH neurons via KCa3.1, a potential player in the slow afterhyperpolarization current - 3 day(s) ago
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an important component of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which relays circadian information to neuronal populations, including GnRH neurons. Human and animal studies have shown an impact of disrupted daily rhythms (chronic shift work, temporal food restriction, clock gene disruption) on both male and female reproduction and fertility. To date, how VIP modulates GnRH neurons remains unknown. Calcium imaging and electrophysiology on primary GnRH neurons in explants and adult mouse brain slice, respectively, were used to address this question. We found VIP excites GnRH neurons via the VIP receptor, VPAC2. The downstream signaling pathway uses both Gs protein/adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A (PKA) and phospholipase C/phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) depletion. Furthermore, we identified a UCL2077-sensitive target, likely contributing to the slow afterhyperpolarization current (IAHP), as the PKA and PIP2 depletion target, and the KCa3.1
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Mashup Score: 10Axon morphology and intrinsic cellular properties determine repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation threshold for plasticity - 4 day(s) ago
IntroductionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a widely used therapeutic tool in neurology and psychiatry, but its cellular and molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Standardizing stimulus parameters, specifically electric field strength, is crucial in experimental and clinical settings. It enables meaningful comparisons across studies and facilitates the translation of findings into clinical practice. However, the impact of biophysical properties inherent to the stimulated neurons and networks on the outcome of rTMS protocols remains not well understood. Consequently, achieving standardization of biological effects across different brain regions and subjects poses a significant challenge.MethodsThis study compared the effects of 10 Hz repetitive magnetic stimulation (rMS) in entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures from mice and rats, providing insights into the impact of the same stimulation protocol on similar neuronal networks under standardized conditions
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Mashup Score: 2From learned value to sustained bias: how reward conditioning changes attentional priority - 4 day(s) ago
IntroductionAttentional bias to reward-associated stimuli can occur even when it interferes with goal-driven behavior. One theory posits that dopaminergic signaling in the striatum during reward conditioning leads to changes in visual cortical and parietal representations of the stimulus used, and this, in turn, sustains attentional bias even when reward is discontinued. However, only a few studies have examined neural activity during both rewarded and unrewarded task phases.MethodsIn the current study, participants first completed a reward-conditioning phase, during which responses to certain stimuli were associated with monetary reward. These stimuli were then included as non-predictive cues in a spatial cueing task. Participants underwent functional brain imaging during both task phases.ResultsThe results show that striatal activity during the learning phase predicted increased visual cortical and parietal activity and decreased ventro-medial prefrontal cortex activity in response t
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Mashup Score: 1Frontiers | Editorial: Brain injury associated secondary injury and remote organ injury - 4 day(s) ago
1 Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Institute of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China 2 Department of Neurology, China National Clinical Research Center for Ne urological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China 3 Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Beijing, China 4 Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan 5 Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology
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Mashup Score: 5
Insights into the nature of the action potentials. Over the last few years it has become increasingly clear that action potentials (APs) are rather more complex than was originally suggested by the excellent work of Hodgkin and Huxley in the early 1950s and Rall who provided the cable equation in 1977. Many workers have since shown that mechanical, thermal and optical changes are associated with action potentials (10.3389/fncel.2023.1232020). Unfortunately, these views are strongly opposed by the neuroscience establishment (Fraser et al, 2018), but these newer findings need to be incorporated into our understanding of APs, which have a multibiophysical nature. Given all the background information on membrane biophysics it should be possible to mathematically model the propagation of wave ensembles in an individual axon (e.g. Engelbrecht et al, 2015) and several models are available for studying healthy axons (10.3389/fncel.2023.1222785). However, we often only model small parts of the
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Mashup Score: 6
In the realm of motor rehabilitation, Brain-Computer Interface Neurofeedback Training (BCI-NFT) emerges as a promising strategy. This aims to utilize an individual’s brain activity to stimulate or assist movement, thereby strengthening sensorimotor pathways and promoting motor recovery. Employing various methodologies, BCI-NFT has been shown to be effective for enhancing motor function primarily of the upper limb in stroke, with very few studies reported in cerebral palsy (CP). Our main objective was to develop an electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI-NFT system, employing an associative learning paradigm, to improve selective control of ankle dorsiflexion in CP and potentially other neurological populations. First, in a cohort of eight healthy volunteers, we successfully implemented a BCI-NFT system based on detection of slow movement-related cortical potentials (MRCP) from EEG generated by attempted dorsiflexion to simultaneously activate Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation which a
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Mashup Score: 8Frontiers | Editorial: The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases - 5 day(s) ago
1 Department of Health S ciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy 2 Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council (IFAC-CNR), Florence, Italy The microbiota is considered a unique integrated system with the gut (MB-gut). The brain is in continuous dialogue with the MB-gut, forming the MB-gut-brain axis. MB products activate several bottom-to-top pathways, necessary for the correct development and functionality of the central
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Mashup Score: 18Frontiers | The gut microbiome and sociability - 6 day(s) ago
The human gut microbiome plays an important role in the maturation of the neural, immune, and endocrine systems. Research data from animal models shows that …
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Mashup Score: 6
BackgroundThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key node of the brain reward circuit driving reward-related behavior. Dysregulation of NAc has been demonstrated to contribute to pathological markers of addiction in substance use disorder (SUD) making it a potential therapeutic target for brain stimulation. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is an emerging non-invasive brain stimulation approach that can modulate deep brain regions with a high spatial resolution. However, there is currently no evidence showing how the brain activity of NAc and brain functional connectivity within the reward network neuromodulated by tFUS on the NAc.MethodsIn this pilot study, we carried out a single-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the underlying mechanism of tFUS neuromodulating the reward network through NAc in ten healthy adults. Specifically, the experiment consists of a 20-min concurrent tFUS/fMRI scan and two 24-min resting-stat
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Mashup Score: 3
IntroductionSubjective tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external acoustic source, is often subsequent to noise-induced hearing loss or ototoxic m…
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New Research: Vasoactive intestinal peptide excites GnRH neurons via KCa3.1, a potential player in the slow afterhyperpolarization current: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an important component of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)… https://t.co/La1zCqq7Kr #neuroscience