were treated with tofacitinib and followed up. Clinical and laboratory data of these patients were recorded between January 2019 and June 2022. SPSS was used for all statistical analyses. Results The mean age of patients with MDA5+DM was 45 ± 12.4 years, and the median disease duration was 6.5 months (range, 3–13 months). The mean dosage of glucocorticoids was 34.7 ± 20.9 mg/d at the initiation of tofacitinib therapy. Overall, 47 patients were followed up for a mean duration of 7.8 ± 6.2 months. We found that the clinical symptoms of 28 patients (59.6%) were improved, but 1 patient (2.1%) died because of severe infection. Moreover, complications occurred in 25 patients (53.2%), among whom 19 patients had infections. Older age and C-reactive protein levels close to the upper value in reference range at the initial treatment were found to be the potential risk factors of infection. Furthermore, patients with cutaneous ulcers were found to have a lower risk of infection. Conclusion Tofaci