1 Neuroscience Institute National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy 2 NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy Abnormal visual experience during development resulting from an imbalance in the activity of the two eyes can lead to permanent severe visual deficits, a pathology called amblyopia (lazy eye). While this condition is extremely difficult to treat in adults, current interventions can elicit significant amounts of visual recovery when performed in juveniles before the end of the

Department of Clinical Neurosciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Multiple sclerosis (MS), a debilitating autoimmune disorder targeting the central nervous system (CNS), is marked by relentless demyelination and inflammation. Clinically, it presents in three distinct forms: relapsing – remitting MS (RRMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). While disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) offer some relief to people with

1 Biotechnology Center, Instituto de Pesquisas Energ é ticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP, S ã o Paulo, Brazil 2 Laboratory of Molecular Neurovirology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bras í lia, Bras í lia, Brazil 3 Programa de P ó s-gradua ç ã o em Ci ê ncias M é dicas da Faculdade de Medicina, University of Bras í lia, Bras í lia, Brazil 4 Baculovirus Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, University of Bras í lia, Bras í lia, Brazil The persistence or emergence of long-term symptoms following

1 Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China 2 Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) are indispensable core techniques in cardiac surgery. Numerous studies have shown that cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest are associated with the occurrence of neuroinflammation, accompanied

Max Planck Institute for Human Development Center for Lifespan Psychology, Berlin, Germany The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has profoundly impacted global health, affecting not only the immediate morbidity and mortality rates but also long-term health outcomes across various populations. Although the acute effects of COVID-19 on the respiratory system have initially been the primary focus, it is increasingly evident that the virus can have significant impacts on multiple

Over the past few decades, central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) secreted nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as p…

Ferroptosis represents an iron− and lipid peroxidation (LPO)-mediated form of regulated cell death (RCD). Recent evidence strongly suggests the involvement o…