Approximately 10·6 million people worldwide develop tuberculosis each year, representing a failure in epidemic control that is accentuated by the absence of effective vaccines to prevent infection or disease in adolescents and adults. Without effective vaccines, tuberculosis prevention has relied on testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and treating with antibiotics to prevent…

Stages of tuberculosis disease can be delineated by radiology, microbiology, and symptoms, but transitions between these stages remain unclear. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of individuals with untreated tuberculosis who underwent follow-up (34 cohorts from 24 studies, with a combined sample of 139 063), we aimed to quantify progression and regression across the tuberculosis…

Early states of tuberculosis disease are increasingly recognised as prevalent, dynamic, and potentially important targets for efforts to end tuberculosis epidemics. We now need to understand how to intervene effectively at these early stages.

Tuberculosis, the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease, is a major threat to human health globally. WHO estimated that 10·6 million new cases of tuberculosis and 1·6 million tuberculosis-associated deaths occurred in 2021. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted health systems and exposed prevailing deficiencies in tuberculosis-control programmes globally, reversing the hard-won…