Interspecific allelopathic interaction primes direct and indirect resistance in neighboring plants within agroforestry systems
This study provides evidence that endo-borneol in Pinus koraiensis needle leachates enhances Panax ginseng resistance to Alternaria leaf spot. Endo-borneol exhibits multifaceted functions in disease suppression, both by directly activating defense-related pathways and indirectly by modifying root secretions to recruit beneficial microbes, thus priming induced systemic resistance and inhibiting pathogen growth at higher concentrations.
