Focused Monitoring After Heart Failure Trials
Cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure (HF) are prevailing end points in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in patients who have HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). The low incidence of cardiovascular death and hospitalization in recent RCTs contrasts with the 5-year mortality rate of 75.5% and readmission risk of 48.5% among hospitalized HFrEF patients, indicating enrollment of stable New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-III patients.1,2 However, inclusive enrollment in RCTs may yield incomplete therapeutic information.