Decision-Making Engagement Preferences among Older Adults… : Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
decision-making remains a key barrier. Methods: Mixed-methods explanatory, longitudinal, sequential design at 4 diverse U.S. centers with patients (English-fluent, aged ≥70 years, CKD stages 4-5, nondialysis) from 2018 to 2020. Patient preferences for engagement in decision-making were assessed using the Control Preference Scale (CPS), reflecting the degree to which patients want to be involved in their decision-making: active (patient prefers to make final decision), collaborative (patient wants to share decision-making with clinician), or passive role (patient wants clinician to make final decision). Semi-structured interviews about engagement and decision-making were conducted in two waves (2019, 2020) with purposively sampled patients and clinicians. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for quantitative analyses; thematic and narrative analyses were used for qualitative data. Results: Among 363 patient-participants, mean age was 78 ± 6 years, 42% were female, and 21% had a hi