12-month persistence of immune responses to self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: ARCT-154 versus BNT162b2 vaccine
COVID-19 is no longer a global pandemic but remains a public health problem and new vaccine formulations are still being developed to target newly emerging variants.1 Current guidelines recommend annual vaccination for all people older than 50 years and for high-risk groups including health-care workers, and booster vaccination every 6–12 months for immunocompromised people, those older than 75 years, and people older than 50 years with considerable comorbidities.2 We previously reported the superior immunogenicity of a booster dose of self-amplifying mRNA vaccine (ARCT-154) over a conventional mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2)3 with better antibody persistence for up to 6 months.