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Mashup Score: 1Monitoring Changes in TMS-Evoked EEG and EMG Activity During 1 Hz rTMS of the Healthy Motor Cortex - 5 day(s) ago
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique capable of inducing neuroplasticity as measured by changes in peripheral muscle electromyography (EMG) or electroencephalography (EEG) from pre-to-post stimulation. However, temporal courses of neuromodulation during ongoing rTMS are unclear. Monitoring cortical dynamics via TMS-evoked responses using EMG (motor-evoked potentials; MEPs) and EEG (transcranial-evoked potentials; TEPs) during rTMS might provide further essential insights into its mode of action – temporal course of potential modulations. The objective of this study was to first evaluate the validity of online rTMS-EEG and rTMS-EMG analyses, and second to scrutinize the temporal changes of TEPs and MEPs during rTMS. As rTMS is subject to high inter-individual effect variability, we aimed for single-subject analyses of EEG changes during rTMS. Ten healthy human participants were stimulated with 1,000 pulses of 1 Hz rTMS over th
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 7Replicability and Preregistration - 5 day(s) ago
Replicability in science, despite being considered a core component of scientific practice, is low across the scientific fields. One possible solution is Registered Reports, an alternative publishing model where peer review is conducted prior to data collection; a study is accepted based on the strength of its hypothesis and methodology, rather than the novelty of the findings or the “story.”
Source: neuronline.sfn.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet-
Register for this free webinar on May 8 to hear @eNeuroEiC, Jose Abisambra, co-EiC of @ELSneuroscience journal Brain Research, & @randalljellis discuss replicability issues in science & how #RegisteredReports can support rigorous & reproducible research. https://t.co/mQBRQfcszh https://t.co/KLkARIC4Xg
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Mashup Score: 15Differential effects of aging on regional corpus callosum microstructure and the modifying influence of pulse pressure - 6 day(s) ago
The corpus callosum is composed of several subregions, distinct in cellular and functional organization. This organization scheme may render these subregions differentially vulnerable to the aging process. Callosal integrity may be further compromised by cardiovascular risk factors, which negatively influence white matter health. Here, we test for heterochronicity of aging, hypothesizing an anterior-to-posterior gradient of vulnerability to aging that may be altered by effects of cardiovascular health. In 174 healthy adults across the adult lifespan (mean age=53.56 ± 18.90, range=20-94 years old, 58.62% women), pulse pressure (calculated as participant’s systolic minus diastolic blood pressure) was assessed to determine cardiovascular risk. A deterministic tractography approach via diffusion weighted imaging was utilized to extract fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD) from each of five callosal subregions, serving as estimates of microstructura
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 17Grandfathers-to-grandsons transgenerational transmission of exercise positive effects on cognitive performance - 6 day(s) ago
Physical exercise is a robust lifestyle intervention. Among its many benefits, it is known for its enhancement of cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, the extent to which these benefits can be transmitted across generations (intergenerational inheritance to F1, and transgenerational to F2 and beyond) remains a topic of limited comprehension. We have already shown that cognitive improvements resulting from physical exercise can be inherited from parents to their offspring, proving intergenerational effects. So, we set out to explore whether these enhancements might extend transgenerationally, impacting the F2 generation. In this study, we initially examined the behavioral traits of second-generation (F2) male mice, whose grandfathers (F0) had an exercise intervention. Our findings revealed that F2 mice with physically active F0 grandparents displayed significantly improved memory recall, encompassing both spatial and non-spatial information when compared to their counterparts from sedenta
Source: www.jneurosci.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 0The Mouse Inferior Colliculus Responds Preferentially to Non-Ultrasonic Vocalizations - 6 day(s) ago
The inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain auditory integration center, analyzes information about social vocalizations and provides substrates for higher level processing of vocal signals. We used multichannel recordings to characterize and localize responses to social vocalizations and synthetic stimuli within the IC of female and male mice, both urethane anesthetized and unanesthetized. We compared responses to ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) with other vocalizations in the mouse repertoire and related vocal responses to frequency tuning, IC subdivisions, and sex. Responses to lower frequency, broadband social vocalizations were widespread in IC, well represented throughout the tonotopic axis, across subdivisions, and in both sexes. Responses to USVs were much more limited. Although we observed some differences in tonal and vocal responses by sex and subdivision, representations of vocal responses by sex and subdivision were largely the same. For most units, responses to vocal signa
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 1Nonbinary 2D Distribution Tool Maps Autonomic Nerve Fiber Clustering in Lumbosacral Ventral Roots of Rhesus Macaques - 7 day(s) ago
Neuromodulation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) by electrical stimulation may augment autonomic function after injury or in neurodegenerative disorders. Nerve fiber size, myelination, and distance between individual fibers and the stimulation electrode may influence response thresholds to electrical stimulation. However, information on the spatial distribution of nerve fibers within the PNS is sparse. We developed a new two-dimensional (2D) morphological mapping tool to assess spatial heterogeneity and clustering of nerve fibers. The L6-S3 ventral roots (VRs) in rhesus macaques were used as a model system to map preganglionic parasympathetic, γ-motor, and α-motor fibers. Random and ground truth distributions of nerve fiber centroids were determined for each VR by light microscopy. The proposed tool allows for nonbinary determinations of fiber heterogeneity by defining the minimum distance between nerve fibers for cluster inclusion and comparisons with random fiber distributions
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Mashup Score: 23
Superagers are elderly individuals with the memory ability of people 30 years younger and provide evidence that age-related cognitive decline is not inevitable. In a sample of 64 superagers (mean age 81.9; 59% women) and 55 typical older adults (mean age 82.4; 64% women) from the Vallecas Project, we studied, cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 5 years with yearly follow-ups, the global cerebral white matter status as well as region-specific white matter microstructure assessment derived from diffusivity measures. Superagers and typical older adults showed no difference in global white matter health (total white matter volume, Fazekas score, and lesions volume) cross-sectionally or longitudinally. However, analyses of diffusion parameters revealed better white matter microstructure in superagers than in typical older adults. Cross-sectional differences showed higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in superagers mostly in frontal fibres and lower mean diffusivity (MD) in most white mat
Source: www.jneurosci.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 6Hostile Attribution Bias Shapes Neural Synchrony in the Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Ambiguous Social Narratives - 8 day(s) ago
Join this interactive session as Yizhou Lyu, Zishan Su, and Yuan Chang Leong discuss their paper, “Hostile Attribution Bias Shapes Neural Synchrony in the Left Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex during Ambiguous Social Narratives”, with JNeurosci Reviewing Editor Daniela Schiller. Attendees can submit questions at registration and live during the webinar.
Source: neuronline.sfn.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 2Forebrain EAAT3 Overexpression Increases Susceptibility to Amphetamine-Induced Repetitive Behaviors - 8 day(s) ago
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by intrusive obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors. Multiple studies have shown the association of polymorphisms in the SLC1A1 gene with OCD. The most common of these OCD-associated polymorphisms increases the expression of the encoded protein, excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), a neuronal glutamate transporter. Previous work has shown that increased EAAT3 expression results in OCD-relevant behavioral phenotypes in rodent models. In this study, we created a novel mouse model with targeted, reversible overexpression of Slc1a1 in forebrain neurons. The mice do not have a baseline difference in repetitive behavior but show increased hyperlocomotion following a low dose of amphetamine (3 mg/kg) and increased stereotypy following a high dose of amphetamine (8 mg/kg). We next characterized the effect of amphetamine on striatal cFos response and found that amphetamine increased cFos throug
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 0Dissociating Mechanisms That Underlie Seasonal and Developmental Programs for the Neuroendocrine Control of Physiology in Birds - 9 day(s) ago
Long-term programmed rheostatic changes in physiology are essential for animal fitness. Hypothalamic nuclei and the pituitary gland govern key developmental and seasonal transitions in reproduction. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular substrates that are common and unique to developmental and seasonal timing. Adult and juvenile quail were collected from reproductively mature and immature states, and key molecular targets were examined in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and pituitary gland. qRT-PCR assays established deiodinase type 2 ( DIO2 ) and type 3 ( DIO3 ) expression in adults changed with photoperiod manipulations. However, DIO2 and DIO3 remain constitutively expressed in juveniles. Pituitary gland transcriptome analyses established that 340 transcripts were differentially expressed across seasonal photoperiod programs and 1,189 transcripts displayed age-dependent variation in expression. Prolactin ( PRL ) and follicle-stimulating hormone subunit beta ( FSHβ )
Source: www.eneuro.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
#eNeuro | Monitoring Changes in TMS-Evoked EEG and EMG Activity During 1 Hz rTMS of the Healthy Motor Cortex https://t.co/D3ALy78apW