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Mashup Score: 0A type II secreted subtilase from commensal rhizobacteria disarms the immune elicitor peptide flg22 - 2 hour(s) ago
Plant roots grow in association with a community of microorganisms collectively known as the rhizosphere microbiome. Immune activation in response to elicitors like the flagellin-derived epitope flg22 restricts bacteria on plant roots but also inhibits plant growth. Some commensal root-associated bacteria are capable of suppressing the plant immune response to elicitors. In this study, we investigated the ability of 165 root-associated bacteria to suppress flg22-induced immune activation and growth restriction. We demonstrate that a type II secreted subtilase, which we term Immunosuppressive Subtilase A (IssA), from Dyella japonica strain MF79 cleaves the immune eliciting peptide flg22 and contributes to immune suppression. IssA homologs are found in other plant-associated commensals, with particularly high conservation in the order Xanthomonadales. This represents a novel mechanism by which commensal microbes modulate flg22-induced immunity in the rhizosphere microbiome. ### Competing
Source: www.biorxiv.orgCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
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Mashup Score: 2Protection against Clostridioides difficile disease by a naturally avirulent C. difficile strain - 2 hour(s) ago
Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) strains belonging to the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 (RT027) group have been associated with increased transmissibility and disease severity. In addition to the major toxin A and toxin B virulence factors, RT027 strains also encode the CDT binary toxin. Our lab previously identified a toxigenic RT027 isolate, ST1-75, that is avirulent in mice despite densely colonizing the colon. Here, we show that co-infecting mice with the avirulent ST1-75 and virulent R20291 strains protects mice from colitis due to rapid clearance of the virulent strain and persistence of the avirulent strain. Although avirulence of ST1-75 is due to a mutation in the cdtR gene, which encodes a response regulator that modulates the production of all three C. difficile toxins, the ability of ST1-75 to protect against acute colitis is not directly attributable to the cdtR mutation. Metabolomic analyses indicate that the ST1-75 strain depletes amino acids more rapidly than the R20291 st
Source: www.biorxiv.orgCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
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Mashup Score: 0
TOR, a widely conserved eukaryotic protein kinase, forms TORC1 and TORC2 to regulate diverse cell signaling. TORC1 controls protein synthesis, cell cycle, and autophagy, whereas TORC2 manages cell polarity, cytoskeleton, and membrane structure. Our previous research found that MoVast2, along with MoVast1, regulates TOR in rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, maintaining lipid and autophagy balance. Lst8, a key TOR complex component in yeast and mammalian cells. However, the precise role of MoLst8 in M. oryzae is still unclear. In this study, we obtained the DeltaMolst8 mutant through high-through gene knockout strategies. The results showed that loss of MoLST8 leading to a series of defects, such as growth and sporulation reduction, abnormal conidia, and loss of virulence. In addition, this mutant is highly sensitive to rapamycin, leading to growth arrest and autophagy impairment, indicated that MoLst8 positively regulates TORC1 for cellular growth, metabolism, and autophagy. Lipidomi
Source: www.biorxiv.orgCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
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Mashup Score: 3
Mounting evidence supports the potential of dietary bioactive compounds to reduce chronic disease risk. Recently, the biological activity of N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (NCT) and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (NFT) has been hypothesized to drive regulation of gut permeability,but the impact of these components on the human gut microbiome composition has not been studied. The aim of this work is to determine whether purified NCT and NFT, or a hemp hull product containing NCT and NFT (Brightseed(R) Bio Gut Fiber), can impact the gut microbiome using an in vitro fermentation assay. To address this question, we treated three fecal inocula, representative of the human gut microbiome, with Bio Gut Fiber(TM) and NCT/NFT and evaluated their respective impact against starch and methylcellulose as controls. We found strong changes exerted by Bio Gut Fiber(TM) and NCT/NFT on the gut microbiome relative to starch and methylcellulose, with distinct responses across all microbial communities. Among communit
Source: www.biorxiv.orgCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
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Mashup Score: 1
Determining why only a fraction of encountered or applied bacterial strains engraft in a given person’s microbiome is crucial for understanding and engineering these communities. Previous work has established that metabolism can determine colonization success in vivo, but relevance of bacterial warfare in preventing engraftment has been less explored. Here, we demonstrate that intraspecies warfare presents a significant barrier to strain transmission in the skin microbiome by profiling 14,884 pairwise interactions between Staphylococcus epidermidis cultured from eighteen human subjects from six families. We find that intraspecies antagonisms are abundant; these interactions are mechanistically diverse, independent of the relatedness between strains, and consistent with rapid evolution via horizontal gene transfer. Ability to antagonize more strains is associated with reaching a higher fraction of the on-person S. epidermidis community. Moreover, antagonisms are significantly depleted a
Source: www.biorxiv.orgCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
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Mashup Score: 0Novel phages of Pseudomonas syringae unveil numerous potential auxiliary metabolic genes - 2 hour(s) ago
Relatively few phages that infect plant pathogens have been isolated and investigated. The Pseudomonas syringae species complex is present in various environments, including plants. It can cause major crop diseases, such as bacterial canker on apricot trees. This study presents a collection of 25 unique phages genomes that infect P. syringae. These phages were isolated from apricot orchards with bacterial canker symptoms after enrichment with 21 strains of P. syringae. This collection comprises mostly virulent phages, with only three being temperate. They belong to 14 genera, 11 of which are newly discovered, and 18 new species, revealing great genetic diversity within this collection. Novel DNA packaging systems have been identified bioinformatically in one of the new phage species, but experimental confirmation is required to define the precise mechanism. Additionally, many phage genomes contain numerous potential auxiliary metabolic genes with diversified putative functions. At leas
Source: www.biorxiv.orgCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
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Mashup Score: 1Nanopore sequencing reveals that DNA replication compartmentalisation dictates genome stability and instability in Trypanosoma brucei - 2 hour(s) ago
The genome of Trypanosoma brucei is structurally complex. Eleven megabase-sized chromosomes each comprise a transcribed core flanked by silent subtelomeres, housing thousands of Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) genes. Additionally, silent VSGs are also found on hundreds of sub-megabase chromosomes that harbour 177 bp repeats of unknown function, and multiple VSG transcription sites localise to the telomeres of both chromosome types. DNA replication dynamics have been described in the megabase chromosome cores but not in the subtelomeres or sub-megabase chromosomes, and targeted early replication of the single active VSG transcription site is unexplained. Here, using Nanopore assembly, we mapped DNA replication across this compartmentalised genome. We show that subtelomeres display a paucity of replication initiation events relative to the core, correlating with increased instability in the silent VSG archive. In addition, early replication of the active VSG transcription site is show
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Mashup Score: 4Gene therapy trial targeting rare form of deafness shows ‘jaw-droppingly good’ results - 2 hour(s) ago
Two congenitally deaf children can hear after being treated with a gene therapy, according to new data from an ongoing clinical trial.
Source: www.statnews.comCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
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Mashup Score: 4AstraZeneca pulls Covid-19 vaccine globally as the pharma sees 'no future commercial demand' - 2 hour(s) ago
AstraZeneca is withdrawing its Oxford-collaborated Covid-19 vaccine from global markets, the UK-based pharma company confirmed in a statement to Endpoints News on Tuesday. The spokesperson said AstraZeneca no longer manufactures or supplies the vaccine, which was first cleared for emergency supply in the UK in December 2020 and had since
Source: endpts.comCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
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Mashup Score: 0
Uptake and fixation of CO2 are central to strategies for CO2-based biomanufacturing. Cupriavidus necator H16 has emerged as a promising industrial host for this purpose. Despite its prominence, the ability to engineer C. necator inorganic carbon uptake and fixation is underexplored. Here, we test the role of endogenous and heterologous genes on C. necator inorganic carbon metabolism. Deletion of one of the four carbonic anhydrases in C. necator, β-carbonic anhydrase can, had the most deleterious effect on C. necator autotrophic growth. Replacement of this native uptake system with several classes of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) transporters from Cyanobacteria and chemolithoautotrophic bacteria recovered autotrophic growth and supported higher cell densities compared to wild-type (WT) C. necator in saturating CO2 in batch culture. Several heterologous strains with Halothiobacillus neopolitanus DAB2 (hnDAB2) expressed from the chromosome in combination with diverse rubisco homologs g
Source: www.biorxiv.orgCategories: General Medicine News, General HCPsTweet
A type II secreted subtilase from commensal rhizobacteria disarms the immune elicitor peptide flg22 https://t.co/7VBKRCEA3g #bioRxiv