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Mashup Score: 2This Week in The Journal - 4 day(s) ago
Siyu Chen, Rachel M. Rahn, Annie R. Bice, Seana H. Bice, Jonah A. Padawar-Curry et al. (see article e1019232024) During the visual critical period, visual circuits are more plastic and adapt their connections in response to sensory stimulation from the environment. When vision is impaired in one eye during this time, also known as monocular deprivation (MD), the excitability of neurons in the visual cortex changes. But how the resting-state functional connectivity to cortical circuits beyond the visual cortex is …
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Mashup Score: 17Grandfathers-to-grandsons transgenerational transmission of exercise positive effects on cognitive performance - 6 day(s) ago
Physical exercise is a robust lifestyle intervention. Among its many benefits, it is known for its enhancement of cognitive abilities. Nevertheless, the extent to which these benefits can be transmitted across generations (intergenerational inheritance to F1, and transgenerational to F2 and beyond) remains a topic of limited comprehension. We have already shown that cognitive improvements resulting from physical exercise can be inherited from parents to their offspring, proving intergenerational effects. So, we set out to explore whether these enhancements might extend transgenerationally, impacting the F2 generation. In this study, we initially examined the behavioral traits of second-generation (F2) male mice, whose grandfathers (F0) had an exercise intervention. Our findings revealed that F2 mice with physically active F0 grandparents displayed significantly improved memory recall, encompassing both spatial and non-spatial information when compared to their counterparts from sedenta
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Mashup Score: 23
Superagers are elderly individuals with the memory ability of people 30 years younger and provide evidence that age-related cognitive decline is not inevitable. In a sample of 64 superagers (mean age 81.9; 59% women) and 55 typical older adults (mean age 82.4; 64% women) from the Vallecas Project, we studied, cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 5 years with yearly follow-ups, the global cerebral white matter status as well as region-specific white matter microstructure assessment derived from diffusivity measures. Superagers and typical older adults showed no difference in global white matter health (total white matter volume, Fazekas score, and lesions volume) cross-sectionally or longitudinally. However, analyses of diffusion parameters revealed better white matter microstructure in superagers than in typical older adults. Cross-sectional differences showed higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in superagers mostly in frontal fibres and lower mean diffusivity (MD) in most white mat
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Mashup Score: 11This Week in The Journal - 11 day(s) ago
Tyler Godat, Kendall Kohout, Keith Parkins, Qiang Yang, Juliette E. McGregor et al. (see article [e1738232024][1]) How the retina processes color is not fully understood. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) provide visual information to the brain, but how they combine the three types of cone
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Mashup Score: 4
Humans need social closeness to prosper. There is evidence that empathy can induce social closeness. However, it remains unclear how empathy-related social closeness is formed and how stable it is as time passes. We applied an acquisition-extinction paradigm combined with computational modelling and fMRI, to investigate the formation and stability of empathy-related social closeness. Female participants observed painful stimulation of another person with high probability (acquisition) and low probability (extinction), and rated their closeness to that person. The results of two independent studies showed increased social closeness in the acquisition block that resisted extinction in the extinction block. Providing insights into underlying mechanisms, reinforcement learning modelling revealed that the formation of social closeness is based on a learning signal (prediction error) generated from observing another’s pain, whereas maintaining social closeness is based on a learning signal g
Source: www.jneurosci.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 21
Superagers are elderly individuals with the memory ability of people 30 years younger and provide evidence that age-related cognitive decline is not inevitable. In a sample of 64 superagers (mean age 81.9; 59% women) and 55 typical older adults (mean age 82.4; 64% women) from the Vallecas Project, we studied, cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 5 years with yearly follow-ups, the global cerebral white matter status as well as region-specific white matter microstructure assessment derived from diffusivity measures. Superagers and typical older adults showed no difference in global white matter health (total white matter volume, Fazekas score, and lesions volume) cross-sectionally or longitudinally. However, analyses of diffusion parameters revealed better white matter microstructure in superagers than in typical older adults. Cross-sectional differences showed higher fractional anisotropy (FA) in superagers mostly in frontal fibres and lower mean diffusivity (MD) in most white mat
Source: www.jneurosci.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
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Mashup Score: 7
Excessive oscillatory activity across basal ganglia (BG) nuclei in the β frequencies (12–30 Hz) is a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). While the link between oscillations and symptoms remains debated, exaggerated β oscillations constitute an important biomarker for therapeutic effectiveness in PD. The neuronal mechanisms of β -oscillation generation however remain unknown. Many existing models rely on a central role of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or cortical inputs to BG. Contrarily, neural recordings and optogenetic manipulations in normal and parkinsonian rats recently highlighted the central role of the external pallidum (GPe) in abnormal β oscillations, while showing that the integrity of STN or motor cortex is not required. Here, we evaluate the mechanisms for the generation of abnormal β oscillations in a BG network model where neuronal and synaptic time constants, connectivity, and firing rate distributions are strongly constrained by experimental data. Guided by a mean-fi
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Mashup Score: 9This Week in The Journal - 1 month(s) ago
Mirjam Studler, Lorena R. R. Gianotti, Janek Lobmaier, Angelina Maric, and Daria Knoch (see article [e0885232024][1]) Prosocial behaviors such as cooperativeness, helpfulness, and altruism are beneficial to society. Sleep deprivation studies suggest that lack of sleep makes us less helpful and
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Mashup Score: 11Cholinergic-Sensitive Theta Oscillations in Memory Encoding in Mice - 1 month(s) ago
Cholinergic regulation of hippocampal theta oscillations has long been proposed to be a potential mechanism underlying hippocampus-dependent memory encoding processes. However, cholinergic transmission has been traditionally associated with type II theta under urethane anesthesia. The mechanisms and behavioral significance of cholinergic regulation of type I theta in freely exploring animals is much less clear. In this study, we examined the potential behavioral significance of cholinergic regulation of theta oscillations in the object location task in male mice that involves training and testing trials and provides an ideal behavioral task to study the underlying memory encoding and retrieval processes, respectively. Cholinergic regulation of hippocampal theta oscillations and the behavioral outcomes was examined by either intrahippocampal infusion of cholinergic receptor antagonists or knocking out cholinergic receptors in excitatory neurons or interneurons. We found that both muscar
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Mashup Score: 1Cholinergic Control of GnRH Neuron Physiology and Luteinizing Hormone Secretion in Male Mice: Involvement of ACh/GABA Cotransmission - 1 month(s) ago
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-synthesizing neurons orchestrate reproduction centrally. Early studies have proposed the contribution of acetylcholine (ACh) to hypothalamic control of reproduction, although the causal mechanisms have not been clarified. Here, we report that in vivo pharmacogenetic activation of the cholinergic system increased the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in orchidectomized mice. 3DISCO immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy revealed the innervation of GnRH neurons by cholinergic axons. Retrograde viral labeling initiated from GnRH-Cre neurons identified the medial septum and the diagonal band of Broca as exclusive sites of origin for cholinergic afferents of GnRH neurons. In acute brain slices, ACh and carbachol evoked a biphasic effect on the firing rate in GnRH neurons, first increasing and then diminishing it. In the presence of tetrodotoxin, carbachol induced an inward current, followed by a decline in the frequency of miniature postsynapti
Source: www.jneurosci.orgCategories: General Medicine News, NeurologyTweet
This Week in The Journal #JNeurosci | Network Level Connectivity Changes When Input Is Deprived; Brain Waves and Pupil Size Distinctly Impact Perception https://t.co/r9IBI9fOxf