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Mashup Score: 4
Objective: The authors investigated the neural impact of intranasal oxytocin on emotion processing areas in youths with severe irritability in the context of disruptive mood and behavior disorders. Methods: Fifty-two participants with severe irritability, as measured by a score ≥4 on the Affective Reactivity Index (ARI), with diagnoses of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) and/or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) were randomly assigned to treatment with intranasal oxytocin or placebo daily for 3 weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline and at the end of the trial; the primary outcomes were measures of irritability on the ARI and ratings on the Clinical Global Impressions severity scale (CGI-S) focusing on DBD and DMDD symptoms, and secondary outcomes included the CGI improvement scale (CGI-I) and ratings of proactive and reactive aggressive behavior on the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. Forty-three participants (22 in the oxytocin group and 21 in the pl
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
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Mashup Score: 2
Objective: Schizophrenia often occurs during youth, and psychosis risk syndrome occurs before the onset of psychosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the visual event-related potential responses in youths with psychosis risk syndrome were defective in the presence of interference stimuli and associated with their clinical outcomes. Methods: A total of 223 participants, including 122 patients with psychosis risk syndrome, 50 patients with emotional disorders, and 51 healthy control subjects, were assessed. Baseline EEG was recorded during the three-stimulus visual oddball task. The event-related potentials induced by square pictures with different colors were measured. Almost all patients with psychosis risk syndrome were followed up for 12 months and were reclassified into three subgroups: conversion, symptomatic, and remission. The differences in baseline event-related potential responses were compared among the clinical outcome subgroups. Results: The average N2 amplit
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
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Mashup Score: 7Reciprocal Effects Between Negative Parenting and Children’s Callous-Unemotional Traits From Mid to Late Childhood - 15 day(s) ago
Objective: The role of negative parenting in the development of callous-unemotional (CU) traits remains unclear. Both negative parenting and CU traits are influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The authors used genetically informed longitudinal cross-lagged models to examine the extent to which reciprocal effects between negative parenting and children’s CU traits in mid-to-late childhood are genetic versus environmental in origin. Methods: In 9,260 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study, the authors estimated cross-lagged effects between negative parenting (discipline and feelings) and children’s CU traits in mid (ages 7–9) and late (ages 9–12) childhood. Results: CU traits were strongly heritable and stable. Stability was explained largely by genetic factors. The influence of negative parenting on the development of CU traits was small and driven mostly by genetic and shared environmental factors. In mid childhood, the influence of children’s CU traits on subsequ
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
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Mashup Score: 0Irritability in Youths: A Critical Integrative Review - 15 day(s) ago
Irritability, defined as proneness to anger that may impair an individual’s functioning, is common in youths. There has been a recent upsurge in relevant research. The authors combine systematic and narrative review approaches to integrate the latest clinical and translational findings and provide suggestions for addressing research gaps. Clinicians and researchers should assess irritability routinely, and specific assessment tools are now available. Informant effects are prominent, are stable, and vary by age and gender. The prevalence of irritability is particularly high among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and mood and anxiety disorders. Irritability is associated with impairment and suicidality risk independent of co-occurring diagnoses. Developmental trajectories of irritability (which may begin early in life) have been identified and are differentially associated with clinical outcomes. Youth irritability is associated with in
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
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Mashup Score: 2
Objective: Schizophrenia often occurs during youth, and psychosis risk syndrome occurs before the onset of psychosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the visual event-related potential responses in youths with psychosis risk syndrome were defective in the presence of interference stimuli and associated with their clinical outcomes. Methods: A total of 223 participants, including 122 patients with psychosis risk syndrome, 50 patients with emotional disorders, and 51 healthy control subjects, were assessed. Baseline EEG was recorded during the three-stimulus visual oddball task. The event-related potentials induced by square pictures with different colors were measured. Almost all patients with psychosis risk syndrome were followed up for 12 months and were reclassified into three subgroups: conversion, symptomatic, and remission. The differences in baseline event-related potential responses were compared among the clinical outcome subgroups. Results: The average N2 amplit
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
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Mashup Score: 0Setting the Record Straight on Long-Term Use, Dose Escalation, and Potential Misuse of Prescription Benzodiazepines - 18 day(s) ago
The potential for misuse of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs (hereafter, BZRAs) has been a source of controversy for over five decades. These medications can be used for patients with anxiety, panic and sleep disorders, and seizure disorders (1). They are commonly coprescribed with antidepressants and antipsychotic medications to treat the associated anxiety and sleep disturbances of these psychiatric disorders. When carefully prescribed to patients who are not substance abusers, benzodiaze
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, Hem/OncsTweet
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Mashup Score: 2
The challenges of early identification and treatment of individuals with psychotic disorders are substantial. Among the heterogeneous groups of teens identified as being at high risk for psychosis, based on clinical manifestations established by interviews and scales, only about 1 out of 4 individuals actually converts to a chronic psychotic disorder (1). This 75% “false positive” rate reflects both the complex interplay of neurological and psychological development during transitional ages and highlights
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
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Mashup Score: 2
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has long been known to aggregate in families, and the prevalence of related disorders with which they are often comorbid (e.g., drug use and other psychiatric disorders) are also elevated in those families. Understanding the basis for both the comorbidity and the familial aggregation is complicated because families share both genetics and much of their environment, both of which contribute to risk. Disentangling these two sources of risk is important if we wish to gain insight
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
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Mashup Score: 2The Influence of Parenting on Callous-Unemotional Traits and the Implications for the Causes and Treatment of Conduct Disorder - 23 day(s) ago
Pezzoli and colleagues (1) provide another important set of analyses from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS), a large (N=9,260 twin pairs) longitudinal study of twins living in the United Kingdom. I do not provide a critique of the design of the study here, because the authors do an excellent job of highlighting its unique ability to separate genetic and environmental influences on the constructs of interest (i.e., negative parenting and callous-unemotional [CU] traits) and the relationships
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
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Mashup Score: 0Gender Differences in the Neurobiology of Childhood Anxiety: The Need for a Developmental Perspective - 24 day(s) ago
Recent evidence suggests that many or most anxiety disorders emerge as a result of altered neurodevelopment. The median age at onset of anxiety disorders is between 6 and 12 years, and variation in brain function during childhood, infancy, and even near birth has been associated with risk for developing an anxiety disorder (1). While the specific brain alterations linked to risk for and expression of anxiety are varied and not completely understood, many models are centered on excessive amygdala activity
Source: ajp.psychiatryonline.orgCategories: General Medicine News, PsychiatryTweet
Promising clinical results and neuroimaging findings seen in a double-blind trial of intranasal oxytocin for irritability in youths. https://t.co/Nfi18dRzW4 https://t.co/vLONMxCUUx