The evolution of paediatric care in South Korea has been a journey marked by both challenges and progress. In the 1950s, nascent paediatric departments at national hospitals, despite being constrained by limited resources and the aftermath of war, laid the foundation for specialised care for children.1 The early years of paediatrics in Korea, though small, were a beacon of education and clinical practice, adopting teaching methods akin to those in American medical schools and establishing a unique well-baby clinic that provided free care and immunisations. Over the following decades, paediatrics in Korea experienced significant growth and development. The Korean Paediatric Society (KPS), established in 1945, played a crucial role in advancing the field, fostering research, education and public health initiatives.2 In the early years, paediatric departments at national hospitals offered between 150 and 200 residency slots annually. This number reflected the growing demand for paediatric

Background Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a developmental disorder causing avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children, with long-term consequences that can extend into adulthood. Early diagnosis and management in primary care are crucial but challenging. Aim This review aims to provide a concise overview of the presentation, differential diagnosis and management of LCPD, offering practical guidance for primary healthcare professionals. Method Recent literature and expert opinions were reviewed to summarise the epidemiology, diagnosis and current management of LCPD. Results LCPD commonly presents as a painless limp in children aged between 2 and 14 years, with the diagnosis based on the clinical features and radiographic abnormalities. Management is individualised and includes non-operative care to surgery, which attempts to correct anatomical abnormalities and therefore delay the onset of osteoarthritis. The review highlights the importance of primary care in early detect

Background Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a developmental disorder causing avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children, with long-term consequences that can extend into adulthood. Early diagnosis and management in primary care are crucial but challenging. Aim This review aims to provide a concise overview of the presentation, differential diagnosis and management of LCPD, offering practical guidance for primary healthcare professionals. Method Recent literature and expert opinions were reviewed to summarise the epidemiology, diagnosis and current management of LCPD. Results LCPD commonly presents as a painless limp in children aged between 2 and 14 years, with the diagnosis based on the clinical features and radiographic abnormalities. Management is individualised and includes non-operative care to surgery, which attempts to correct anatomical abnormalities and therefore delay the onset of osteoarthritis. The review highlights the importance of primary care in early detect

As of 1 February 1st, 2024, Dutch regulation allows euthanasia for children. The Netherlands was the first country to permit euthanasia. It was first permitted for adults, then for neonates in situations when a dying patient is suffering, and palliative treatments are ineffective, and now also for children. PediatricPaediatric euthanasia remains technically illegal but can be performed with minimal risk of prosecution under accepted criteria. The Dutch approach is different from other countries. In this viewpoint, we describe and analyse the Dutch model and suggests lessons that others can learn from the Dutch experience. In the Netherlands, euthanasia is defined as ‘the active ending of the life on request’. Euthanasia was first permitted in adults and children with a capacity of 12 years and older, then in infants and now is legal for children of 1–12 years. That initial approval reflected the beliefs of the Royal Dutch Medical Association (KNMG) that a doctor’s duty to preserve life

Paediatricians, and society in general, often feel very uncertain about trajectories of gender questioning in children. Gender-questioning children have not historically been referred to paediatricians, but the new National Health Service England referral pathway as of September 2024 is that those who don’t also meet criteria for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service referral will be seen by general paediatrics before referral to regional services.1 The Cass review of gender identity services also recommended that paediatricians with a special interest will be part of regional gender identity services.2 Paediatric endocrinologists may have an important role in considering puberty blockers or hormonal treatments. In all these ways and as leaders in child health you are important advocates for gender-questioning and transgender children’s best interests. As a parent, I wanted to tell you my child’s story so far. Not because I have any easy answers or simple actions to recommend. But