Unveiling the Mechanisms to Bypass KRAS Inhibition: In Vitro Insights into the Influence of Fibroblast-Secretome
Novel KRAS-targeted therapies unlocked new treatment options for previously untreatable patients. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), resistance to KRAS-targeted therapy develops rapidly, making it imperative to understand its underlying mechanisms. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) induce therapy resistance by generating and maintaining cancer stem cells (CSCs). Additionally, CAFs secretome can modulate KRAS mutant CRC cells proteomic profile, independently of mutant KRAS. Hence, we investigated whether CAF-derived factors could induce resistance to KRAS inhibition by promoting a KRAS-independent stem-like phenotype. Evaluation of KRAS-mutant CRC cell lines (HCT15, HCT116, and SW480) revealed unique basal stem cell marker expression levels. Silencing KRAS lead to up-regulation of CD24, down-regulation of CD49f and CD104, and reduced stemness. However, CAF-secreted factors attenuated these effects, restoring stem cell markers expression and increasing stemness. RNA sequencing showe