Six decades before wearable technologies like fitness trackers made remote and constant monitoring of vital signs readily available to essentially everyone, medical scientists played a pivotal role in President John F. Kennedy’s challenge to land astronauts on the Moon by bringing “biotelemetry” into existence. As a result of that collective effort, we now know Neil Armstrong’s heart rate was 150 beats per minute the moment he made history stepping onto the Moon’s surface in July 1969 – three times –