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Mashup Score: 0Categorizing Risks within Barrett's Esophagus To Guide Surveillance and Interception; Suggesting a New Framework - 1 month(s) ago
Abstract. Barrett’s esophagus is a precancerous condition that can progress in a stepwise manner to dysplasia and eventually esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Once diagnosed, patients with Barrett’s esophagus are kept on surveillance to detect progression so that timely intervention can occur with endoscopic therapy. Several demographic and clinical risk factors are known to increase progression toward EAC, such as longer Barrett’s segments, and these patients are kept on tighter surveillance. While p53 IHC has been advocated as an adjunct to histopathologic diagnosis, use of this biomarker is variable, and no other molecular factors are currently applied. Given the new evidence available, it is time to consider whether other risk factors or tools could be applied in clinical practice to decide on closer or attenuated surveillance. In this commentary, we summarize the most relevant risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus progression, highlight the most promising novel risk stratification t
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Mashup Score: 4Risk Stratification for Early-onset Colorectal Cancer Screening: Are We Ready for Implementation? - 1 month(s) ago
Abstract. Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is increasing at alarming rates and identifying risk factors is a high priority. There is a need to develop risk stratification approaches for colorectal cancer screening among younger populations. Although there is a growing body of evidence identifying risk factors for EOCRC, including the report by Imperiale and colleagues in this issue, risk stratification for EOCRC screening has not been implemented into practice. This publication highlights how essential it is to bring research findings into practice and bridge the gaps between developing risk prediction modeling in epidemiology and implementation science. While encouraging, we are still a long way off from having a clinically applicable risk prediction tool.See related article by Imperiale et al., p. 513
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Mashup Score: 3Clonal Evolution in Healthy and Premalignant Tissues: Implications for Early Cancer Interception Strategies - 1 month(s) ago
Abstract. Histologically normal human tissues accumulate significant mutational burden with age. The extent and spectra of mutagenesis are comparable both in rapidly proliferating and post-mitotic tissues and in stem cells compared with their differentiated progeny. Some of these mutations provide increased fitness, giving rise to clones which, at times, can replace the entire surface area of tissues. Compared with cancer, somatic mutations in histologically normal tissues are primarily single-nucleotide variations. Interestingly though, the presence of these mutations and positive clonal selection in isolation remains a poor indicator of potential future cancer transformation in solid tissues. Common clonally expanded mutations in histologically normal tissues also do not always represent the most frequent early mutations in cancers of corresponding tissues, indicating differences in selection pressures. Preliminary evidence implies that stroma and immune system co-evolve with age, wh
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Mashup Score: 1COX-2 Inhibitors Decrease Expression of PD-L1 in Colon Tumors and Increase the Influx of Type I Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes - 1 month(s) ago
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAID) are an essential component of any combination chemoprevention of colon cancer. We show NSAID treatment reduces PD-L1 expression on intestinal tumor cells. NSAID regulation of PD-L1 is dependent on COX-2 expression. These data underscore an important immunologic mechanism of action for NSAID in colon cancer prevention.
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Mashup Score: 1Award for Outstanding Journal Article | Cancer Prevention Research | American Association for Cancer Research - 1 month(s) ago
Award for Outstanding Journal Article | Cancer Prevention Research | American Association for Cancer Research #aacrcontent {font-size: 16px;} .right { float: right; margin: 0 16px 16px 16px; padding: 16px; width: 220px; background-color: #f0f0f0; border: solid 1px #ddd; } #aacrcontent2 { box-shadow: 3px 3px 6px #ccc, -3px -3px 6px #ccc; font-size: 16px; max-width: 400px; padding: 16px; } .copy h3{margin-top: 20px;} .copy ul { margin-left: 20px; list-style-image:…
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Mashup Score: 0Insights on Cancer Prevention | Cancer Prevention Research | American Association for Cancer Research - 1 month(s) ago
Cancer Prevention Research is proud to present the perspective series “Insights on Cancer Prevention.” The series aims to highlight insights
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Mashup Score: 1Next-generation Multi-target Stool DNA Panel Accurately Detects Colorectal Cancer and Advanced Precancerous Lesions - 1 month(s) ago
This study highlights performance of the next-generation mt-sDNA test, which exhibits high sensitivity and specificity for detecting colorectal cancer and APLs. This noninvasive option has potential to increase screening participation and clinical outcomes. A multi-center, clinical validation trial is underway.
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Mashup Score: 17Worth a Pound of Cure? Emerging Strategies and Challenges in Cancer Immunoprevention - 1 month(s) ago
Abstract. Cancer immunoprevention applies immunologic approaches such as vaccines to prevent, rather than to treat or cure, cancer. Despite limited success in the treatment of advanced disease, the development of cancer vaccines to intercept premalignant states is a promising area of current research. These efforts are supported by the rationale that vaccination in the premalignant setting is less susceptible to mechanisms of immune evasion compared with established cancer. Prophylactic vaccines have already been developed for a minority of cancers mediated by oncogenic viruses (e.g., hepatitis B and human papillomavirus). Extending the use of preventive vaccines to non-virally driven malignancies remains an unmet need to address the rising global burden of cancer. This review provides a broad overview of clinical trials in cancer immunoprevention with an emphasis on emerging vaccine targets and delivery platforms, translational challenges, and future directions.
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Mashup Score: 12TIME for Bugs: The Immune Microenvironment and Microbes in Precancer - 1 month(s) ago
Abstract. Major advances in our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in established cancer have been made, including the influence of host-intrinsic (host genomics) and -extrinsic factors (such as diet and the microbiome) on treatment response. Nonetheless, the immune and microbiome milieu across the spectrum of precancerous tissue and early neoplasia is a growing area of interest. There are emerging data describing the contribution of the immune microenvironment and microbiota on benign and premalignant tissues, with opportunities to target these factors in cancer prevention and interception. Throughout this review, we provide rationale for not only the critical need to further elucidate the premalignant immune microenvironment, but also for the utility of pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions to alter the immune microenvironment of early lesions to reverse carcinogenesis. Novel research methodologies, such as implementing spatial transcriptomics and proteomic
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Interested in further studying the role of microbiome in cancer prevention after today's related #AACR24 session? Be sure to read the recent review about the immune microenvironment and microbes in #precancer by @MikaylaMDPhD, @MelindaYatesPhD et al. https://t.co/PD0JuGZOyX @AACR https://t.co/1mDYa66IC2
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Mashup Score: 0Combination of an Autoantibody Panel and Alpha-Fetoprotein for Early Detection of Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma - 1 month(s) ago
AbstractThe purpose of this study was to identify biomarkers associated with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC) and to develop a new combination with good diagnostic performance. This study was divided into four phases: discovery, verification, validation, and modeling. A total of four candidate tumor-associated autoantibodies (TAAb; anti-ZIC2, anti-PCNA, anti-CDC37L1, and anti-DUSP6) were identified by human proteome microarray (52 samples) and bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, these candidate TAAbs were further confirmed by indirect ELISA with two testing cohorts (120 samples for verification and 663 samples for validation). The AUC for these four TAAbs to identify patients with HBV-HCC from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients ranged from 0.693 to 0.739. Finally, a diagnostic panel with three TAAbs (anti-ZIC2, anti-CDC37L1, and anti-DUSP6) was developed. This panel showed superior diagnostic efficiency in identifying early HBV-HCC compared with alpha-
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Attending the Advances in Prevention Research Session at #AACR24, on Cancer Precursor Lesions? Check out this recent commentary, by the speaker Rebecca C. Fitzgerald. https://t.co/HQfW4OikOl @AACR https://t.co/sszECwy114