📖Read more @Transpl_Int News&Views by our EiC Thierry Berney (@berneyyy ) and Deputy EiCs Maarten Naesens (@mnaesens ) and Stefan Schneeberger (@schneest ) 🔗https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 11/

Q7: What will happen next? A7: RM: More focused work with the exact pig construct and #immunosuppression to move to phase I trials. BR: XT Upscaling will require to move from cloned animals to dedicated breeding farms, no more than 1–2 per continent https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 10/

Q6: What made the first clinical XT possible? A6: BR: An extremely strong institutional commitment, opting for a cloned animal, a single 10 GE animal produced fast and the compassionate protocol, to avoid the very stringent FDA rules for clinical trials https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 9/

A5: JL: Kidney function was not a primary outcome for our study at UAB. Our recipient had already been brain dead for 5 days prior to enrollment in our study and was undergoing the pathophysiologic derangements associated with brain death. https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 8/

Q5: In the Alabama case urine output was not associated with creatinine clearance. What would be an explanation? Was it just a matter of timing? Could you prolong the experiment beyond 3 days (from regulatory and ethical standpoints)? https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 7/

Q4: Is transmission of porcine retroviruses (PERV) a problem? How have you tackled it? A4: RM: There has never been a transmission of PERV to humans despite >200 patients having received living porcine cells and tissue. Close surveillance is acceptable https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 6/

A3: BG: The coming together is a response to the availability of edited pigs. JL: these advances represent the natural progression of XT research. RM: The big leap was made possible by the concept of whole-body donation for high stakes studies like XT https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 6/

Q3: Do you see these reports as a quantum leap or as the natural progression of XT #research over the past decades? How much of the success is due to the discovery CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system of Nobel prize fame? https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 5/

Q2: How long and how did you prepare yourselves and your teams before taking the final step? RB: A2: Dr. Muhammad Mohiuddin has been studying xenoheart for nearly 3 decades... JL: We launched the University of Alabama XT Program in 2016 https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 4/

A1: Edits aim to decrease inflammation, regulate complement and coagulation in humans. Different organs will require different genetic engineering, but it may be preferable to change as little as possible in the genes and utilize pharmacological agents https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 3/

Q1: what are the molecules/pathways that had to be targeted to produce organs that would have a reasonable chance of escaping the immunologic hurdles of XT? https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 2/

🥁 #Xenotransplantion (XT): Defeating the “Shumway Curse”. An Interview With Drs. Bartley Griffith, Jayme Locke, Robert Montgomery, and Bruno Reichart 🔗https://t.co/oLN9D6a1wp 1/ https://t.co/d4a1d5rJ6P