This study provides evidence that endo-borneol in Pinus koraiensis needle leachates enhances Panax ginseng resistance to Alternaria leaf spot. Endo-borneol exhibits multifaceted functions in disease suppression, both by directly activating defense-related pathways and indirectly by modifying root secretions to recruit beneficial microbes, thus priming induced systemic resistance and inhibiting pathogen growth at higher concentrations.

Plants are often simultaneously stressed by both UV radiation and phosphorus deficiency in agricultural ecosystems. This study provides evidence that, to cope with these threats in a coordinated manner, plants employ a reciprocal antagonistic strategy controlled by the phosphate starvation response proteins (PHRs). This adaptive strategy is conserved across plant lineages from chlorophytes to gymnosperms and angiosperms, and reducing P supply or increasing PHR activity can improve plant UV tolerance.

This study provides evidence that jasmonic acid mediates retrograde signaling under mitochondrial translational stress via the COI1–MYC2–ERF109 module, which contributes to the repression of plant growth and activates plant resistance to biotic stress, helping the plant to balance growth and defense.

A comprehensive understanding of plant–microbiome interactions is essential for implementation of microbiome technology in sustainable agricultural practices to achieve the UN’s Sustainable Developmental Goals related to environmental sustainability and food security. Rational management of the plant–microbiome in sustainable agriculture could facilitate a Second Green Revolution. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of deterministic processes crucial for developing microbiome management strategies and propose a hierarchical framework for plant microbiome modulation.

N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modification regulates gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In plants, it plays vital roles in development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and crop trait improvement. This review discusses the detection methods, regulatory proteins, and molecular and biological functions of m6A in plants and offers some perspectives on future research.