Evaluating patients with neuropathy is common, especially in elderly patients with comorbidities. Neuropathy can often be a manifestation of systemic diseases, cancer, or drug-induced toxicity; thus, the differential diagnosis is challenging. The …

Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), also called Batten disease, refers to a group of genetically diverse lysosomal storage diseases in which autofluorescent ceroid lipofuscin granules accumulate intracellularly. 1 Different forms may classically present congenitally (such as CLN10), in infancy (such as CLN1), childhood, or adulthood. Symptoms include progressive cognitive decline, epilepsy, ataxia, and vision loss. Most forms of Batten disease lack disease-modifying treatments. However, CLN2, caused by

Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is among the most common pathogens that cause bacterial enteritis. They can also lead to extraintestinal manifestations including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which is defined by the triad of hemolytic …

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is characterized by a rapidly progressive encephalopathy after a viral febrile illness, with multiple, symmetrical lesions in the brain including the thalami. Acute dengue fever is a known, but rare, …

A 57-year-old man presented with progressive asymmetric quadriparesis with dysphagia of 8 months. He had both lower motor neuron signs of fasciculations and tongue atrophy as well as upper motor neuron signs of brisk deep tendon reflexes and upgoing toes consistent with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Dissociation of abdominal reflexes with absent superficial and exaggerated deep abdominal reflexes was noted. The deep abdominal reflex is a muscle stretch reflex analogous to the deep tendon reflexes.