Most new cancer cases are treated with chemotherapy, which involves a course of one or several drugs that usually take the form of small molecules. However, the body naturally employs a family of proteins called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassettes that function as cellular cleaners and indiscriminately collect and transport excess chemicals from the cells. This process may encourage the protein ABCG2 to remove chemotherapy drugs from the tumor cells before they have had any effect—which could