A 5-year-old Turner syndrome patient with isochromosome Xq karyotype [46,X,i(X)(q10)] was referred for ophthalmic examination. Wide fundus photography revealed a concentric macular rings sign (A), and OCT showed a well-developed fovea with dentate-like alternating hyperreflective and hyporeflective bands in the Henle’s fiber layer (B, white arrows). The karyogram of the patient shows an isochromosome with deleted short arm (Xp) and duplicated long arm (Xq) (C, black arrow). Although foveal hypoplasia is the condition most commonly associated with the concentric macular rings sign, this sign can be observed in a normal retina, inherited retinal diseases, and tractional retinal disorders.

Development of evidence-based guidelines for keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx).

A 41-year-old woman presented with a sudden visual field defect in both eyes. She was a high hyperope with an axial length of 15 mm of both eyes and visual acuity of 20/200. Fundus examination revealed congested choroid with widespread chorioretinal folds observed on (A and B) plates and (E and F) as radiating folds. OCT-scan showed choroidal folds and a few macular cysts and an absent foveal depression (C and D). (Magnified version of Figure A-F is available online at www.aaojournal.org).

A 59-year-old woman with stage IV cutaneous melanoma, metastatic to multiple sites, presented with floaters in her left eye (A) with visual acuity of 20/50 and preretinal deposits on OCT (B). Her condition was controlled systemically with nivolumab therapy. Diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy confirmed vitreous metastasis from cutaneous melanoma cytologically. Treatment with intravitreal injection of melphalan (10-20 μg/0.1 ml) monthly for a total of 3 planned sessions resulted in tumor regression (C), observed on OCT (D), and with visual acuity of 20/60.