Since its first introduction, the role of three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography in diagnosing structural and congenital cardiac defects has been identified. However, its adaptation for congenital and structural defects has been slow. This is primarily driven by a lack, until recently, of dedicated pediatric 3D transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probes, the relatively small size of the…

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (asc TAA) is defined as localized dilation of the aorta to more than 50% of its predicted size.1 The average size of the ascending aorta is 28.6 mm on a chest x-ray, while the normal range of the aortic root is 36 to 39 mm in men and 35 to 37 mm in women as measured on chest computed tomography (CT).1 Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) can be classified based on…

Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital malformation that is diagnosed later in life following the development of significant valvular disease, predominantly aortic regurgitation. We present a case of incidental QAV not well visualized on transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) but clearly characterized utilizing the novel transillumination mode on three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal…

Rhabdomyomas are the most common cardiac tumors in the pediatric population, making up 50% to 80% of all primary pediatric tumors. They can be solitary or multiple. Multiple cardiac rhabdomyomas are usually found in association with the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and more than 90% of fetuses and neonates with multiple rhabdomyomas have signs of TSC. Tuberous sclerosis complex is a rare…

Congenital aneurysm of the muscular ventricular septum is a rare finding in a newborn. The natural history and cause of this condition are not well described. Based on the degree of involvement and partial thinning of the ventricular septum, it can potentially impact the ventricular function. There is also a potential for septal rupture and thrombosis risk. The management strategy is…

Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is a rare disorder. Ruptured SVA has high morbidity and in-hospital death. Early identification of ruptured SVA is crucial in patient outcome. Here we present a 93-year-old man with left coronary SVA rupture into the left atrium (LA) and describe echocardiographic features for diagnosing rupture of SVA.