Lithium and Kidney Disease
Lithium is considered the criterion standard medication for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (BD).1 It also serves as an effective augmentation option for treatment-resistant depression and as an antisuicidal agent.2 Despite its superior efficacy in preventing both manic and depressive episodes compared with other mood stabilizers or antipsychotics,1,3 lithium continues to be underutilized in the United States due to concerns regarding the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
