Assessing Clinician Utilization of Next-Generation Antibiotics Against Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in U.S. Hospitals: A Retrospective Cohort Study: Annals of Internal Medicine: Vol 0, No 0
Background: The U.S. antibiotic market failure has threatened future innovation and supply. Understanding when and why clinicians underutilize recently approved gram-negative antibiotics might help prioritize the patient in future antibiotic development and potential market entry rewards. Objective: To determine use patterns of recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved gram-negative antibiotics (ceftazidime–avibactam, ceftolozane–tazobactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, plazomicin, eravacycline, imipenem–relebactam–cilastatin, and cefiderocol) and identify factors associated with their preferential use (over traditional generic agents) in patients with gram-negative infections due to pathogens displaying difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR; that is, resistance to all first-line antibiotics). Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: 619 U.S. hospitals. Participants: Adult inpatients. Measurements: Quarterly percentage change in antibiotic use was calculated using weighted linear