The provision of effective, safe, and accessible health-care is an overarching tenet across all fields of medicine. However, health-care spending in the United States is excessive, and health outcomes are often inferior to those achieved in other countries at lower cost. Although the problem is multifactorial, a factor modifiable by…

A previously healthy 4-year-old girl is referred to her local children’s hospital by her family physician for further evaluation of a hepatic mass found on abdominal ultrasonography. History reveals an initial concern of an 8-month history of picky eating that had been worked up by the primary care provider. Outpatient…

During medical school and residency training, our teachers tell us that most diagnoses will be horses and not the zebras we tried so hard to memorize for our board exams. We also had it drilled into our brains that we needed to keep our differential diagnoses broad and not be…

Presented here are three patients who have a common chief complaint. All three cases have discussions on presentation, the differential diagnosis, and management that collectively serve as a Review article. Following the three cases, an expert weighs in in a short commentary with 5 questions for CME credit.A 10-month-old boy…

A 16-year-old girl presents to the hospital with subjective fever, 2 days of blurry vision, and persistent headache behind her left eye. On the morning of admission, she has only perception to light and inability to recognize objects with her left eye. The family reports that she was treated for…