Symptoms and signs as significant predictors of hospitalisation and mortality in patients with heart failure
Commentary on: Ali MR, Lam CSP, Strömberg A, et al. Symptoms and signs in patients with heart failure: association with 3-month hospitalisation and mortality. Heart. 2023 Dec 1. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-323295. ### Implications for practice and research Hospitalisation in patients with HF is associated with impaired quality of life, increased mortality and excessive medical costs.1 Although HF signs and symptoms have been strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes2 and play a key role in the management of HF, their role has not been yet included in prognostic models for HF hospitalisation. Hence, Ali et al 3 investigated the association between HF and non-HF signs and symptoms and …