The value placed by patients and their caregivers on the components of composite outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains unknown. We surveyed the importance of these outcomes from a patients’ and caregivers’ perspective, with participants (n=335, including 257 patients with PAH) rating individual components defining clinical worsening in PAH trials as of critical, major,…

Introduction Patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) show limited systemic hyperinflammation, but immunomodulatory treatments are effective. Little is known about the inflammatory response in the lungs and if this could be targeted using high-dose steroids (HDS). We aimed to characterise the alveolar immune response in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS, to…

Background Previous studies have reported an association between warm temperature and asthma hospitalisation. They have reported different sex-related and age-related vulnerabilities; nevertheless, little is known about how this effect has changed over time and how it varies in space. This study aims to evaluate the association between asthma hospitalisation and warm temperature and investigate…

A 23-year-old woman presented with gradual-onset left chest and back pain. She had at medical history of asthma. She was a never smoker with no significant family history. Her observations and examination were normal. Blood tests performed revealed a raised C reactive protein of 119 mg/L and high white cell count of 12.81×109/L. A chest radiograph showed left hilar consolidation (figure 1A). She…

Rationale Eosinophils are associated with airway inflammation in respiratory disease. Eosinophil production and survival is controlled partly by interleukin-5: anti-interleukin-5 agents reduce asthma and response correlates with baseline eosinophil counts. However, whether raised eosinophils are causally related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other respiratory phenotypes is…

Background Despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccinations, there remains a need to investigate treatments to reduce the risk or severity of potentially fatal complications of COVID-19, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the transient receptor potential channel C6 (TRPC6) inhibitor, BI 764198, in reducing the risk and/or severity…

Background In advanced disease, breathlessness becomes severe, increasing health services use. Breathlessness triggered services demonstrate effectiveness in trials and meta-analyses but lack health economic assessment. Methods Our economic study included a discrete choice experiment (DCE), followed by a cost-effectiveness analysis modelling. The DCE comprised face-to-face interviews with older…