Management of Lymph Node–positive Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review
Surgery remains the standard for lymph-node (LN) metastatic penile cancer. Surveillance or delayed LN dissection (LND) risks missing a curative opportunity. Minimally invasive techniques seem to be feasible and may reduce wound related complications. (Neo)adjuvant treatment has no proven benefit in pN1 disease. More advanced disease is rarely cured by surgery alone and multimodal treatment should be considered after multidisciplinary team discussion. Further prospective and randomised trials on minimally invasive LND, multimodal/novel systemic therapies, and management of recurrent LN are needed.