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Mashup Score: 1The molecular framework underlying the growth and defense tradeoff in Arabidopsis roots in response to danger signals - 17 hour(s) ago
Elevated stress signaling often compromises plant growth by suppressing proliferative and formative divisions at the meristem. Plant Elicitor Peptide 1 (PEP1), an endogenous danger signal triggered by both biotic and abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana, suppresses proliferative divisions, alters xylem vessel organizations, and disrupts cell-to-cell symplastic connections in the root. To gain an insight into the dynamic molecular framework that modulates root development under elevated danger signals, we performed a time course RNA-sequencing analysis at the root meristem following PEP1 treatment. A series of data analyses revealed that STZ and its homologs are a potential nexus between the stress response and proliferative cell cycle regulation. We observed that STZ differentially controls the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and stress response genes at various tissue layers in the root meristem through various functional, phenotypic, and transcriptomic analyses. Our study furth
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Mashup Score: 1A highly potent, orally bioavailable pyrazole-derived cannabinoid CB2 receptor-selective full agonist for in vivo studies - 17 hour(s) ago
The cannabinoid CB2 receptor (CB2R) is a potential therapeutic target for distinct forms of tissue injury and inflammatory diseases. To thoroughly investigate the role of CB2R in pathophysiological conditions and for target validation in vivo, optimal pharmacological tool compounds are essential. Despite the sizable progress in the generation of potent and selective CB2R ligands, pharmacokinetic parameters are often neglected for in vivo studies. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a tetra-substituted pyrazole CB2R full agonist named RNB-61 with high potency (Ki 0.13 to 1.81 nM, depending on species) and a peripherally restricted action due to P-glycoprotein mediated efflux from the brain. 3H and 14C labelled RNB-61 showed apparent Kd values 6000-fold selectivity over CB1 receptors and negligible off-targets in vitro, combined with high oral bioavailability and suitable systemic pharmacokinetic (PK)
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Mashup Score: 1To be or not to be - Decoding the Trabecular Meshwork Cell Identity - 18 hour(s) ago
The trabecular meshwork within the conventional outflow apparatus is critical in maintaining intraocular pressure homeostasis. In vitro studies employing primary cell cultures of the human trabecular meshwork (hTM) have conventionally served as surrogates for investigating the pathobiology of TM dysfunction. Despite its abundant use, translation of outcomes from in vitro studies to ex vivo and/or in vivo studies remains a challenge. Given the cell heterogeneity, performing single-cell RNA sequencing comparing primary hTM cell cultures to hTM tissue may provide important insights on cellular identity and translatability, as such an approach has not been reported before. In this study, we assembled a total of 14 primary hTM in vitro samples across passages 1-4, including 4 samples from individuals diagnosed with glaucoma. This dataset offers a comprehensive transcriptomic resource of primary hTM in vitro scRNA-seq data to study global changes in gene expression in comparison to cells in
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Mashup Score: 1Temporal dynamics and biogeography of sympagic and planktonic autotrophic microbial eukaryotes during the under-ice Arctic bloom - 18 hour(s) ago
Photosynthetic microbial eukaryotes play a pivotal role as primary producers in the Arctic Ocean, where seasonal blooms within and below the ice are crucial phenomena, contributing significantly to global primary production and biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we investigated the taxonomic composition of sympagic algae and phytoplankton communities during the Arctic under-ice spring bloom using metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA gene. Samples were obtained from three size fractions over a period of nearly three months at an ice camp deployed on landfast ice off the coast of Baffin Island as part of the Green Edge project. We classified the major sympagic and phytoplankton taxa found in this study into biogeographical categories using publicly available metabarcoding data from more than 2,800 oceanic and coastal marine samples. This study demonstrated the temporal succession of taxonomic groups during the development of the under-ice bloom, illustrated by an overall transition from pol
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Mashup Score: 5Impacts Of Deforestation And Land Use/Land Cover Change On Carbon Stock And Dynamics In The Jomoro District, Ghana - 18 hour(s) ago
Tropical deforestation in the African continent plays a key role in the global carbon cycle and bears significant implications in terms of climate change and sustainable development. Especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, where more than two-thirds of the population rely on forest and woodland resources for their livelihoods, deforestation and land use changes for crop production lead to a substantial loss of ecosystem-level carbon stock. Unfortunately, the impacts of deforestation and land use change can be more critical than in any other region, but these are poorly quantified. We analyse changes in the main carbon pools (above- and below-ground, soil and litter, respectively) after deforestation and land use/land cover change, for the Jomoro District (Ghana), by assessing the initial reference level of carbon stock for primary forest and the subsequent stock changes and dynamics as a consequence of conversion to the secondary forest and to six different tree plantations (rubber, coconut,
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Mashup Score: 1Order among chaos: high throughput MYCroplanters can distinguish interacting drivers of host infection in a highly stochastic system - 18 hour(s) ago
While microbiomes provide diverse benefits for their host, they are notoriously variable in structure and function. As a result, substantial experimental replication and scalability are required to identify the contributions of and interactions between microbiota, the host and the environment. Here, we describe a novel high throughput plant growth system (MYCroplanters) to test how multiple host, microbiota, and pathogen variables predict host health. Using an Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas host-microbiome-pathogen model, we found that host genotype and order of arrival predict competition outcome between strains in the rhizosphere, but pathogen and microbiota dose can overwhelm these effects. Regardless of host or inoculation conditions, final microbial community structure emerged as a consistent predictor of host health. We demonstrate that high-throughput tools like MYCroplanters can isolate interacting drivers of host health. Increasing the scale at which we can screen components of micro
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Mashup Score: 1Cell wall-mediated maternal control of apical-basal patterning of the kelp Undaria pinnatifida - 18 hour(s) ago
The role of maternal tissue in the control of embryogenesis remains enigmatic in many complex organisms. Here, we investigate the contribution of maternal tissue to apical-basal patterning in the kelp embryo. Using a modified kelp fertilisation protocol which yields synchronously developing kelp embryos, we show that detachment from maternal tissue leads to compromised robustness of apical-basal patterning. Detached embryos are rounder and often show aberrant morphologies. Furthermore, absence of contact with maternal tissue increases parthenogenesis, highlighting the critical role of maternal signals in the initial stages of kelp development. When zygotes are detached from the female gametophyte while part of the oogonial cell wall still remains attached to the egg, the proper apical-basal patterning is rescued showing a key role for the connection to the maternal cell wall in developmental patterning in kelps. This observation is reminiscent of another brown alga, Fucus, where the ce
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Mashup Score: 1Control of OPC proliferation and repopulation by the intellectual disability gene PAK1 under homeostatic and demyelinating conditions - 18 hour(s) ago
Appropriate proliferation and repopulation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) determine successful (re)myelination in homeostatic and demyelinating brains. Activating mutations in p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) cause intellectual disability, neurodevelopmental abnormality, and white matter anomaly in children. It remains unclear if and how PAK1 regulates oligodendroglial development. Here, we report that PAK1 controls proliferation and regeneration of OPCs. Unlike differentiating oligodendrocytes, OPCs display high PAK activity which maintains them in a proliferative state by modulating PDGFRa-mediated mitogenic signaling. PAK1-deficient or kinase-inhibited OPCs reduce their proliferation capacity and population expansion. Mice carrying OPC-specific PAK1 deletion or kinase inhibition are populated with fewer OPCs in the homeostatic and demyelinated CNS than control mice. Together, our findings suggest that kinase-activating PAK1 mutations stall OPCs in a progenitor state, impact
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Mashup Score: 4pNet: A toolbox for personalized functional networks modeling - 18 hour(s) ago
Personalized functional networks (FNs) derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are useful for characterizing individual variations in the brain functional topography associated with the brain development, aging, and disorders. To facilitate applications of the personalized FNs with enhanced reliability and reproducibility, we develop an open-source toolbox that is user-friendly, extendable, and includes rigorous quality control (QC), featuring multiple user interfaces (graphics, command line, and a step-by-step guideline) and job-scheduling for high performance computing (HPC) clusters. Particularly, the toolbox, named personalized functional network modeling (pNet), takes fMRI inputs in either volumetric or surface type, ensuring compatibility with multiple fMRI data formats, and computes personalized FNs using two distinct modeling methods: one method optimizes the functional coherence of FNs, while the other enhances their independence. Additionally, the toolb
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Mashup Score: 1Macrovascular blood flow and microvascular cerebrovascular reactivity are regionally coupled in adolescence - 18 hour(s) ago
Cerebrovascular imaging assessments are particularly challenging in adolescent cohorts, where not all modalities are appropriate, and rapid brain maturation alters hemodynamics at both macro- and microvascular scales. In a preliminary sample of healthy adolescents (n=12, 8-25 years), we investigated relationships between 4D flow MRI-derived blood velocity and blood flow in bilateral anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries and BOLD cerebrovascular reactivity in associated vascular territories. As hypothesized, higher velocities in large arteries are associated with an earlier response to a vasodilatory stimulus (cerebrovascular reactivity delay) in the downstream territory. Higher blood flow through these arteries is associated with a larger BOLD response to a vasodilatory stimulus (cerebrovascular reactivity amplitude) in the associated territory. These trends are consistent in a case study of adult moyamoya disease. In our small adolescent cohort, macrovascular-microvascular
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The molecular framework underlying the growth and defense tradeoff in Arabidopsis roots in response to danger signals https://t.co/bkaBqXEKbs #bioRxiv