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Traditional genome-editing reagents such as CRISPR-Cas9 achieve targeted DNA modification by introducing double-strand breaks (DSBs), thereby stimulating localized DNA repair by endogenous cellular repair...

Secreted proteins are extracellular ligands that play key roles in paracrine and endocrine signaling, classically by binding cell surface receptors. Experimental assays to identify...

How distal enhancers physically control promoters over large genomic distances, to enable cell-type specific gene expression, remains obscure. Using single-gene super-resolution imaging and acute...

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bioRxiv

While the conventional wisdom is that growth rate is prominently set by ribosome amounts, in many biologically relevant situations the levels of mRNA and...

Guide RNAs offer programmability for CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing but also add challenges for delivery. Chemical modification, which has been key to the success of...

Viruses exert profound evolutionary pressure on bacteria by interacting with receptors on the cell surface to initiate infection. While the majority of bacterial viruses,...

Transcription factors (TFs) are proteins that affect gene expression by binding to regulatory regions of DNA in a sequence specific manner. The binding of...

Intake of Western diet stimulates bile acid (BA) production and their conversion to secondary BAs by 7α-dehydroxylating (7αDH+) bacteria in the colon. Increased levels...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other lentiviruses adapt to new hosts by evolving to evade host-specific innate immune proteins that differ in sequence and...

Faithful DNA replication requires that cells fine-tune their histone pool in coordination with cell-cycle progression. Replication-dependent histone biosynthesis is initiated at a low level...