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Mashup Score: 77Lymphoid tissue on the mind - 22 hour(s) ago
To surveil an organ for pathogens, lymphoid structures need to sample antigens locally. The full set of lymphoid structures involved in surveilling for brain-tropic pathogens has not been defined. Through comprehensive imaging of the mouse meninges, a new study by Fitzpatrick et al. describes dural-associated lymphoid tissue (DALT) and its contribution to humoral responses following intranasal viral infection.
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Mashup Score: 35Complement(ing) long-COVID thromboinflammation and pathogenesis - 22 hour(s) ago
The persistence or recurrence of symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, termed ‘long COVID’, presents a formidable challenge to global healthcare systems. Recent research by Cervia-Hasler and colleagues delves into the intricate immunological landscape in patients with long COVID, demonstrating an interplay between complement and coagulation, driven by antiviral antibodies and tissue damage.
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Mashup Score: 29Astrocytes ACLYmate to chronic neuroinflammation - 2 day(s) ago
Astrocytes are essential cells of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), with key roles in development, homeostasis, and disease. Lee and colleagues recently showed that astrocytes can develop epigenetic memory, which enhances proinflammatory responses to subsequent stimulation, potentially driving sustained neurological disease pathology, such as in multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Mashup Score: 68Brain border-associated macrophages: common denominators in infection, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease? - 2 day(s) ago
Mammalian brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are strategically positioned to support vital properties and processes: for example, the composition of the brain’s perivascular extracellular matrix and cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic pathway. BAMs also effectively restrict the spread of infectious microbes into the brain. However, while fighting infections, BAMs sustain long-term transcriptomic changes and can be replaced by inflammatory monocytes, potentially leading to a gradual loss of their beneficial homeostatic functions. We hypothesize that by expediting the deterioration of BAMs, multiple infection episodes might be associated with accelerated brain aging and the putative development of neurodegenerative diseases. Our viewpoint is supported by recent studies suggesting that rejuvenating aged BAMs, and counterbalancing their detrimental inflammatory signatures during infections, might hold promise in treating aging-related neurological disorders, including Alzhe
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Mashup Score: 84Microglia pack a toolbox for life - 5 day(s) ago
After decades of being overlooked, a recent wave of studies have explored the roles of microglia in brain health and disease. Microglia perform important physiological functions to set up and maintain proper neural network functions, as well as orchestrate responses to toxic stimuli to limit harm. Many microglial transcriptional programs, extracellular sensing molecules, and functional outputs are seen throughout life. A stark example is the similarity of microglial responses to stressors during neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. The same themes often match that of other tissue-resident macrophages, presenting an opportunity to apply known concepts as therapeutics develop. We argue that microglial signaling during development and neurologic disease overlap with one another and with other tissue-resident macrophage pathways, in part due to similar sensed stimuli and a conserved sensome of receptors and signaling molecules, akin to a toolkit.
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Mashup Score: 140Approaches for studying human macrophages - 7 day(s) ago
Macrophages are vital tissue components involved in organogenesis, maintaining homeostasis, and responses to disease. Mouse models have significantly improved our understanding of macrophages. Further investigations into the characteristics and development of human macrophages are crucial, considering the substantial anatomical and physiological distinctions between mice and humans. Despite challenges in human macrophage research, recent studies are shedding light on the ontogeny and function of human macrophages. In this opinion, we propose combinations of cutting-edge approaches to examine the diversity, development, niche, and function of human tissue-resident macrophages. These methodologies can facilitate our exploration of human macrophages more efficiently, ideally providing new therapeutic avenues for macrophage-relevant disorders.
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Mashup Score: 13Lipocalin-2: a novel potential therapy for GVHD - 7 day(s) ago
Czech et al. used mouse models of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) to investigate the role of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) as a newfound regulator of intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Administration of recombinant LCN2 protein after disease onset prevented GVHD progression, suggesting that it may play a role in reversing tissue damage that has already begun.
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Mashup Score: 38Recombinant snake antivenoms get closer to the clinic - 7 day(s) ago
Snakebite envenomings kill ~100 000 victims each year and leave many more with permanent sequelae. Antivenoms have been available for more than 125 years but are in need of innovation. A new study by Khalek et al. highlights broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that might be used to develop recombinant antivenoms with superior therapeutic benefits.
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Mashup Score: 63Complement: you gutsy thing! - 7 day(s) ago
Complement, traditionally perceived as a liver-derived and plasma-operative guardian against bloodborne pathogens, is increasingly recognized as a local and central player in tissue immunity. Two recent studies, by Xu et al. and Wu et al., validate this concept in the mouse gut, where extrahepatic, intestine-produced, and/or operative C3 protects against enteric infections.
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Mashup Score: 98
The role of antibody affinity in plasma cell (PC) differentiation from germinal centers (GCs) remains contested. Parallel studies by Sprumont et al. and Sutton and Gao et al. show that PCs emerging from GCs produce antibodies with a diverse range of affinities and lack signatures of affinity-based selection. Therefore, commitment to the PC lineage is affinity independent.
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