Does sedentary behaviour cause spinal pain in children and adolescents? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Objective To evaluate whether sedentary behaviour is a risk or prognostic factor for spinal pain in children and adolescents. Specifically, to estimate the (1) direction and strength of the association; (2) risk of spinal pain onset and (3) effect on spinal pain prognosis. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources Electronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and Web of Science up to 23 March 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Reports estimating the effect of sedentary behaviour on spinal pain in young people (≤19 years). Results We included 129 reports, 14 were longitudinal (n = 8 433) and 115 were cross-sectional (n > 697 590). We incorporated 86 studies into meta-analyses. (1) From cross-sectional data, we found low certainty evidence of a small positive association between sedentary behaviour and spinal pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.25 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.33), k = 44, n > 92 617). (2) From longitudinal data, we found low certainty evidence of no increased
